Chap 16

Question 1

What are the 4 main regions of the frontal lobes ?

Answer 1

1. The motor cortex
2. The premotor cortex
3. The prefrontal cortex
4. The anterior cingulate cortex

Question 2

What is the main role of the motor cortex?

Answer 2

making elementary movements

Question 3

What is the main role of the premotor cortex?

Answer 3

selecting movements from the lexicon

Question 4

What is the main role of the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 4

Dopamine influences cognitive controls like attention, impulsivity, certain memory, cognitive flexibility

Question 5

What is the main role of the anterior cingulate cortex ?

Answer 5

emotional regulation, decision-making and self-relevance of objects

Question 6

What are some behavioral differences attributed to the right and left frontal lobes?

Answer 6

left: language-related movements
right: nonverbal movements like reading facial and body language

Question 7

List some executive functions of the frontal lobes

Answer 7

attention, planning, reasoning, problem solving, abstract thinking, self-monitoring

Question 8

What are 3 important components of executive control ?

Answer 8

(1) interhemispheric dorsolateral frontal connections
(2) A dorsolateral fronto-parietal subnetwork
(3) fronto-striatal connections

Question 9

What are the 5 major disturbances associated with frontal lobe regions ?

Answer 9

Disturbances of:
1. Motor functions
2. Divergent thinking
3. Environmental control of behavior
4. Temporal memory
5. Sexual and social behavior

Question 10

Describe motor function disturbances

Answer 10

may include loss of fine movements, movement programming, voluntary sight, and voluntary movement

Question 11

Describe divergent thinking disturbances

Answer 11

may include deficits of spontaneity (no affect or excessive talking), difficulty problem solving using plans and strategies

Question 12

Describe environmental control of behavior disturbances

Answer 12

may include difficulty following rules, are socially defiant and may be risk-takers, issues with self-regulation and associative learning

Question 13

What are some context-dependent behaviors ?

Answer 13

Examples:
- being quiet in a library
- male turtles placed in front of a mirror will continue to attack its reflection until it collapses

Question 14

In relation to environmental control of behavior, who is Tulving and his contribution ?

Answer 14

purports autonoetic awareness
- people will frontal lobe disturbances may struggle to place themselves in relation to a given point in time and perceive their own subjective experience

Question 15

What are the 2 manifestations in disturbances to sexual and social behavior called ?

Answer 15

1. pseudodepression
2. pseudopsychopathy

Question 16

Describe temporal memory disturbances

Answer 16

includes deficit of short term memory especially with recency rather than recognition

Question 17

Describe sexual and social disturbances

Answer 17

Sexual: may cause abnormal sexual behavior though reduced inhibition
Social: shows apathy, loss of initiative, reduced sexual interest, reduced emotion or verbal output

Question 18

What does the Card sorting and Stroop test measure ?

Answer 18

response inhibition
- card sorting test is based on following a new set of sorting rules each time
- stroop is the color name with the color of the word

Question 19

What test might be used to measure verbal fluency ?

Answer 19

the word fluency test
- writing as many words for a specific category as possible
- with frontal lobe disturbances participant might ignore the rules of the test, have shaky handwriting and will not produce as many words

Question 20

What are some examples of frontal lobe disorders ?

Answer 20

1. Parkinsons
2. Korsakoffs disorder
3. Schizophrenia
4. Head trauma