Chap 18 Flashcards
What can be created from 1,3 dithiane ?
Keytones and aldehydes
1,3-dithiane is a cyclic ring with what two atoms a the 1 and 3 positions
Sulfur
The first step in creating a keytone with 1,3 dithiane is
Removing a hydrogen with a strong base
After removing a hydrogen from 1,3 dithiane what must be done to the anion to create a keytone?
Alkyl halides are added to mixture so the anions will attack the alkyl group
What reagents must be added to the alkylated dithiane to create a keytone.
H+
Mercury dichlorate ( HgCl2)
H2O
What’s the first step in creating a keytone from a Carboxylic acid
Removing the hydrogen form the acid and creating a lithium complex in its place.
What compound can be used in the first step to create a keytone from a Carboxylic acid
Methyl lithium
The second step of the Carboxylic acid to keytone consists of
Adding a alkyl group to to the central carbon with an Organo lithium or grignard.
After adding an alkyl group what must be done to create a germinal diol
Addition of the oxygens with acid
The last step of the Carboxylic acid to keytone reaction is
The geminal diol reconfiguring to a keytone
What is the first step in creating Keytones from alkyl nitriles
Addition of anlkyl group to the 1carbon of the nitrile with a grignard
After adding a grignard to the nitrile what is the last step in creating the keytone
Addition of H3O+
What are the reagents for creating a keytone from an alkyl nitrile
Grignard reagent
Alkyl nitrile
H3O+
Acid chloride can be reduced to an aldehyde with what long complex reactant
Lithium tri-tert- butoxyaluminiumhydride ( Li+ -AlH(O-t-Bu)3 )
Acid chloride can be reduced to a keytone with what
Lithium dialkylculprates ( R2 CuLi)
R = any alkyl group.
What is the main point of a witting reaction
Converts Keytones and aldehydes to alkenes
The witting reaction uses what reactants
Keytone or aldehyde
Ylide
What is a ylide
Tri phenyl phosphorus stabilized Carbanion
What is involved in a ylide synthesis
Tri phenyl phosphine attacks an alkyl halide to produce a phosphonium salt.
A strong base ( butyl lithium) reacts with the salt to produce the ylide
In acid conditions H2O and an aldehyde or keytone create what
Keytone hydrate
What compound is the hydrate of a keytone
Germinal diol
A hydrate can be created in basic conditions with
-OH
What reactants for a cyanohydrin
Aldehyde or Keytones
Cynide -CN
Imine synthesis is a result of what reagents
Keytones or aldehyde
Ammonia( NH3) Alkyl amine (R-NH2)
