Chap 2 - Ethical Theories

Question 1

Man draws from his basic knowledge of right and wrong which he learned through his upbringing, further seeks and examine other available information, critically reflects ion such knowledge and finds ways to apply them in present context.

Answer 1

Reason

Question 2

This is the strength that require to act. With this, the man chooses to do what is ought to be done as determined by his reason.

Answer 2

Will

Question 3

Is proposed to be objective, otherwise it fails to set a standard that will guide human character.

Answer 3

Ethics

Question 4

Motives and actions are morally right independent of their consequences.

Answer 4

Deontological Theories

Question 5

Is a science of moral duty first appeared in writing in 1817.

Answer 5

Deontology

Question 6

Greek word origin of deontology

Answer 6

Deont - that which is binding, duty

Question 6

Greek word origin of deontology

Answer 6

Deont - that which is binding, duty

Question 7

Promotes the application of universal ethical principles irrespective of the outcome

Answer 7

Deontology

Question 8

It focuses on the importance of motives or intention next to an outcome.

Answer 8

Deontology

Question 9

What drives an upright behavior instead or remuneration?

Answer 9

Duty

Question 9

The 18th century German Philosopher from Prussia is said to be the founder of the classical deontological theories although Bentham also made use of it.

Answer 9

Immanuel Kant

Question 10

Is defined by Kant, which are universal and are followed regardless of circumstances.

Answer 10

Categorical Imperatives or non-conditional principles

Question 11

Posits that the moral value of an action depends on the underlying moral rule. Our actions should be grounded by an appropriate moral rule.

Answer 11

Categorical Imperative

Question 12

Act only from moral rules that you can for it not have contradictions

Answer 12

Categorical Imperative - 1st Formulation

Question 13

Act so that you treat both yourself and other people as ends in themselves and never only as means to an end.

Answer 13

Categorical Imperative - 2nd Formulation

Question 14

Duty obliged to fulfill without exception. e.g. Telling the truth

Answer 14

Perfect duty

Question 15

Duty obliged to fulfill in general but not in every instance. e.g. Helping others

Answer 15

Imperfect Duty

Question 16

Asserts that an action is right if it protects the individual from harm or unwanted interference from other people or the government while exercising his right.

Answer 16

Negative and Positive Rights Theories

Question 17

Posits that people contract with each other to abide by the moral and political obligations toward the society in which they live.

Answer 17

Social Contract Theories

Question 18

This theory is based on the notion that if there is no order and law in the society, then people will have unlimited freedoms like killing another because of too much hatred, stealing money and etc.

Answer 18

Social Contract Theories

Question 19

Asserts that action is right if it confirms the fairness in the distributive, retributive dimensions of cost and rewards.

Answer 19

Social Justice Theories

Question 20

The perceived fairness in the distribution of social benefits and burden among the group members.

Answer 20

Distributive Dimesion

Question 21

Considers the punishment proportionate to the extent of the crime.

Answer 21

Retributive Dimension

Question 22

Is the way people are compensated in relation to the injuries inflicted upon them

Answer 22

Compensatory Dimension

Question 23

Rightness and wrongness solely depend on the consequence

Answer 23

Teleological Ethics

Question 24

Study of final causes

Answer 24

Teleology

Question 25

Teleology is a termed coined by a German philosopher called?

Answer 25

Baron Christian von Wolff

Question 26

Latin term of teleology

Answer 26

Teleologica

Question 27

Greek term of teleology

Answer 27

Teleos - entire, perfect, complete

Question 28

End, limit, goal, result, fulfillment, completion

Answer 28

Telos

Question 29

Speaking, discourse, treaties, doctrine, theory, science

Answer 29

Logia

Question 30

Based on an assumption that a decision is judged in terms of the assessment of outcome

Answer 30

Teleological Ethics Theories

Question 31

It posits that action is good if it produces or is likely to produce result that maximize the person’s self-interest which the person himself defines

Answer 31

Ethical Egoism

Question 32

Posits that an action is good if it results in maximum satisfaction for a large number of people who are likely to get affected by action

Answer 32

Utilitarianism

Question 33

Posits that an action is good if it results in the fulfillment of goals along with the welfare of the human beings. Happiness

Answer 33

Eudaimonism

Question 34

The actions are said to be fruitful if it promotes or tends to promote the fulfillment of goals that constitute human nature and its happiness

Answer 34

Eudaimonism

Question 35

Is a classical teleological theory that is widely applied to explain rationality of decisions and actions

Answer 35

Utilitarianism

Question 36

Two famous utilitarianism authors in 18th century

Answer 36

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

Question 37

He asserted that the greatest happiness of the greatest number is the foundation of morality and legislation.

Answer 37

Jeremy Bentham

Question 38

Quantity and Quality of Happiness can be measured in terms of:

Answer 38

Intensity, Duration, Certainty, Volume, Time, Future Consequences, Purity

Question 39

No universal forms of right and wrong. One can be wrong or right based on relative views

Answer 39

Relativism

Question 40

Right and wrong for each person are decided by themselves. What’s wrong for someone may be right for someone else

Answer 40

Subjective Relativism

Question 41

Right and wrong depend on a society’s moral guidelines. Guidelines vary form place to place and from time to time. An action can be right in a certain society at one time and wrong in another society or at another time.

Answer 41

Cultural Relativism

Question 42

Good actions are aligned with God’s will. Bad actions are contrary to God’s will. God revels to man His will which guides man to act.

Answer 42

Divine Command Theory