Chap 21

Question 1

Cranium or skull

Answer 1

Is composed of several bones that are fused together to form the cranial vault and face

Question 2

Cranial vault

Answer 2

Area inside of the skull where the brain is located

Question 3

Lower jaw bone

Answer 3

Mandible

Which is the only movable joint in the head

Question 4

Central nervous system

Answer 4

Composed of the brain and spinal cord and responsible for the voluntary and involuntary control of all bodily functions

Question 5

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

The system that connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs by way of nerves; composed of all the nerves and nerve endings that extend from the spinal cord throughout the body

Question 6

Cheek bone

Answer 6

Malar or zygomatic bone

Question 7

Upper jaw bone

Answer 7

Maxilla

Question 8

Layers of meninges starting from out to in

Answer 8

Skull
Epidural space
Dura mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid
Subarachnoid space
Pia meter

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 9

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by a clear fluid (CSF)

Question 10

33 vertebrae starting from top to bottom

Answer 10

Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacral-5
Coccyx- 4

Question 11

Mechanisms of spinal injuries

Answer 11

Flexion
Compression
Hyper extension 
Distraction
Flexion-rotation 
Penetration

Question 12

Care for head injuries

Answer 12

• Primary assessment
• Jaw thrust the head tilt/ chin lift second
• If necessary provide rescue breaths
• control bleeding but be careful to apply only enough pressure to stop the bleeding

Question 13

Avulsed tooth

Answer 13

• Attempt retrieval of tooth if in mouth without pushing in farther
• have conscious patient bite down on pad of gauze placed over socket but leave several inches of gauze outside the mouth for quick removal
• unresponsive patients- hold gauze over the socket

Question 14

Loss of feeling, paralysis or numbness

Answer 14

Loss of function in legs- injury to spine below neck

Loss of function legs and arms- injury to neck

Loss of function to one side usually means penetrating trauma to spine

Injuries to spine can include fracture, displaced vertebrae or swelling that presses on nerves

Temporary loss might be from pressure or swelling that may eventually go away

Question 15

Signs and symptoms of spine injury

Answer 15

Do his hands or feet feel numb or tingly?
Can the patient feel you touch his hands or feet?
Push or squeeze hands or feet?

• pain on palpation of the spine(point of tenderness)
• deformity of the spine
• numbness, weakness, or tingling in the extremities
• loss of sensation
• paralysis
• incontinence
• priapism

Question 16

Distracting injury

Answer 16

Any injury to the body that may be preventing the patient from realizing pain in the neck or spine