Chap 25

Question 1

What are Protocells

Answer 1

Droplets with membranes that maintained a distinct internal chemistry.

Question 2

Sedimentary rocks are deposited into layers called ____________ & are the richest source of fossils.

Answer 2

Strata

Question 3

Fossil record is in favor of species that:

Answer 3

Existed for a long time
Abundant & wide spread
Had hard parts

Question 4

How old is the Earth

Answer 4

Approx 4600 Million Years

Question 5

What are the 3 Eons?

Answer 5

Archaean
Proterozoic
Phanerozoic

Question 6

What are the 3 Era(s) of the Phanerozoic Eon?

Answer 6

Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic

Question 7

What are the 6 periods of the Paleozoic Era with examples?

Answer 7

Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian

Question 8

What are the important events of the Cambrian Period?

Answer 8

Sudden Increase in diversity of many animal phyla.

Question 9

What are the important events of the Ordovician Period?

Answer 9

• Marine algae abundant

- colonization of land by diverse fungi, plants & animals.

Question 10

What are the important events of the Silurian Period?

Answer 10

-Diversification of early vascular plants.

Question 11

What are the important events of the Devonian Perion?

Answer 11

• Diversity of boney fishes,

- 1st tetra pods & insects appear.

Question 12

What are the important events of the Carboniferous Period?

Answer 12

• Extensive forests of vascular plants form,

- 1st seed plants appear, origin of reptiles, amphibians dominant.

Question 13

What are the important events of the Permian Period?

Answer 13

• Radiation of reptiles,
• origin of most present day groups of insects,
• extinction of many marine & terrestrial organisms, @ end of period.

Question 14

What are the periods of the Mesozoic Era?

Answer 14

Triassic
Jurassic
Creataceous

Question 15

What are the important events of the Triassic Period?

Answer 15

Cone-bearing plants (Gymnosperms) dominate landscape
Dinosaurs evolve & radiate
Origin of mammals

Question 16

What are the important events of the Jurassic Period?

Answer 16

Gymnosperms continue to dominate plants

Dinosaurs abundant & diverse

Question 17

What are the important events of the Creatceous Period?

Answer 17

Flowering plants (angiosperms) appear & diversify
Many groups of organisms (including dinosaurs) become extinct @ end of period.

Question 18

What are the Eukaryotic Cells have what?

Answer 18

Nuclear envelope
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
cytoskeleton

Question 19

What is Adaptive Radiation?

Answer 19

Evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor.

Question 20

Adaptive Radiation may follow what?

Answer 20

Mass extinctions
Evolution of novel characteristics
colonization of new regions

Question 21

What is Heterochrony?

Answer 21

An evolutionary change in the rate or timing of developmental events. (can have a significant impact on body shape).

Question 22

What is paedomorphosis?

Answer 22

The rate of reproductive development accelerates compared with somatic development.

Question 23

What are Homeotic Genes?

Answer 23

Determines such basic features as where wings & legs will develop on a bird or animal.

Question 24

What are the 3 mechanisms that cause allele frequency change?

Answer 24

Natural selection (only one to cause adaptive evolution)
Genetic drift
Gene flow

Question 25

What are the 3 mechanisms that cause allele frequency change?

Answer 25

Natural selection (only one to cause adaptive evolution) Genetic drift Gene flow

Question 26

What is microevolution?

Answer 26

Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.

Question 27

What are the sources of genetic variation?

Answer 27

Formation of new alleles Altering gene number or position Rapid reproduction Sexual reproduction

Question 28

What is a point mutation?

Answer 28

Change in one base in a gene

Question 29

True/False: Mutations in noncoding regions of DNA are often harmless.

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

True/False: Mutations to genes can be neutral b/c of redundancy in the genetic code?

Answer 30

True

Question 31

True/False: Mutations that result in a change in protein production are often harmless.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

True/False: Mutations that result in a change in protein production can sometimes be benificial.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Mutation rates are often lower in ____________ & higher in ________________

Answer 33

Prokaryotes / Viruses

Question 34

What are the 3 ways alleles are changed?

Answer 34

Crossing over Independent assortment of chromosomes Fertilization

Question 35

When is a population at genetic equilibrium?

Answer 35

When allele & genotype frequencies don't change from generation to generation.

Question 36

The Hardy-Weinberg principle applies only if:

Answer 36

Mating is random in a population No net mutations change allele frequencies Large population Individuals don't migrate between populations Natural selection doesn't occur

Question 37

What are the factors that alter allele frequencies?

Answer 37

Natural selection Genetic drift Gene flow

Question 38

Differential success in reproduction results in certain alleles being passed to the next generation in greater numbers is what?

Answer 38

Natural selection

Question 39

What is genetic drift?

Answer 39

Describes how allele frequencies fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next.

Question 40

Describe the Founder Effect?

Answer 40

It occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population.

Question 41

Describe the bottleneck effect.

Answer 41

A sudden reduction in population size due to a change in the environment.

Question 42

What are the effects of Genetic Drift?

Answer 42

Significant in small populations Causes allele frequencies to change @ random Can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations Can cause harmful alleles to become fixed