Chap 2B Respiratory

Question 1

external openings of the
tracheae

Answer 1

Spiracles

Question 2

tracheal dilations of
varying size, number, and
distribution, found mainly in flying
insects

Answer 2

Air sacs

Question 3

tubes ranging from
0.5um diameter to less than 10um

Answer 3

Trachea

Question 4

• 0.1um diameter to less
  than 0.5um; in close association
  with cells

Answer 4

Tracheoles

Question 5

a series of folds that
usally run spirally around the lumen

Answer 5

Taenidia

Question 6

Involved in the exchange of gases between the cellular and external environment of
insects.
• It does not rely on an oxygen transport pigment (hemoglobin) and does not use the
circulatory system as the vehicle for gaseous exchange

Answer 6

Respiratory system

Question 7

Aquatic Insects Obtaining Oxygen from the Air

Answer 7

Spiracular adaptation
Temporary gas gills

Question 8

Spiracular adaptation

Answer 8

Telescopic respiratory siphon
Hydofuge hair
Siphon

Question 9

Polyneustic RS – at least 8 pairs of functional spiracles

Answer 9

Holopneustic- (10 pairs): 1
mesothoracic, 1 metathoracic & 8 abdominal

Perineustic – (9 pairs): 1 mesothoracic & 8 abdominal

Hemineustic- (8 pairs): 1 mesothoracic & 7 abdominal

Question 10

Oligoneustic RS – at least 1 or 2 pairs of functional spiracles

Answer 10

Amphipneustic – (2 pairs): 1 mesothoracic & 1 abdominal

Metapneustic- with 1 pair of post-abdominal spiracle

Propneustic- with 1 pair of mesothoracic spiracle

Question 11

There are no functional spiracles, the tracheal system does not open to the
outside

Answer 11

Apneustic

Question 12

closed tracheal system (e.g. Chironomous)
- rely on oxygen diffusing in over the general body surface & have
a well developed tracheal plexus lying beneath a rather thin
cuticle

Answer 12

Cutaneous respiration

Question 13

– blood cells

Answer 13

Hemocytes

Question 14

the body cavity where the blood flows

Answer 14

Hemocoel

Question 15

– insects blood

Answer 15

Hemolymph

Question 16

The only conducting vessel; a vessel situated along
the median dorsal line just beneath the integument

Answer 16

Dorsal vessel

Question 17

region with valves or ostia; in abdomen; pumping

Answer 17

Heart

Question 18

basically a tube; in thorax and head; conducting
vessel

Answer 18

Aorta

Question 19

a valvular opening which allow the hemolymph to enter
(incurrent ostia) or exit (excurrent) from the heart

Answer 19

Ostia

Question 20

– aid the movement of hemolymph in
addition to the pumping activities of the heart. They are concerned
with maintaining a circulation through the appendages

Answer 20

Accessory pulsatile organ

Question 21

The hemocoel or body cavity particularly
in the abdomen is usually separated into 2 or sometimes 3 cavities
or sinuses. These compartmentalization is produced by the
processes of one or two fribromuscular septa.

Answer 21

Sinuses and diaphragm

Question 22

eggs are produced

Answer 22

Ovarioles

Question 23

– storage for sperms

Answer 23

Spermatheca

Question 24

channel through which eggs are
discharge to unite the sperm

Answer 24

Oviduct

Question 25

– external opening of the reproductive organ

Answer 25

Gonopore

Question 26

– the terminal portion of the female reproductive organ; an egg holding chamber which opens directly into the external ovipositor (egg laying devise)

Answer 26

Vigina

Question 27

colleterial glands that secrete adhesive materials used to cover or glue eggs together

Answer 27

Accessory glands

Question 28

Female Reproductive System functions

Answer 28

1. Produce and store eggs 2. Provides the eggs with the necessary nutrients for embryonic development 3. Receive and store spermatozoa 4. Site of fertilization 5. Deposits eggs or larvae

Question 29

production of spermatozoa

Answer 29

Testes/testis

Question 30

seminal duct from the sperm tube to the vas deferens

Answer 30

Vas efferens

Question 31

seminal duct from the vas efferens to the seminal vesicle

Answer 31

Vas deferens

Question 32

spermatozoa reservoir

Answer 32

Seminal vesicle

Question 33

– is for coating and protecting sperms from acidity

Answer 33

Accessory glands

Question 34

spermatozoa duct or ejaculating duct

Answer 34

Ejaculatory duct

Question 35

penis of a male insect

Answer 35

Phallus

Question 36

opening of the phallus

Answer 36

Gonopore

Question 37

Male reproductive system functions

Answer 37

1. production, storage and delivery of spermatozoa 2. Production of seminal fluid 3. Provides the female with either chemical or physical signal to tell her that she had been mated 4. Incidental function, to supply the female nutrients which can be incorporated into the developing oocytes

Question 38

Mating process

Answer 38

Courtship ritual Mating Fertilization Oviposition