Chap 3 - Cell Functions & Structures

Question 1

specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions

Answer 1

Organelles

Question 2

jelly-like substance that holds organelles

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

a structure that encloses the cytoplasm

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

the model used to
describe the cell membrane structure

Answer 4

fluid-mosaic model

Question 5

term where it allows only certain substances to pass in
and out of the cell

Answer 5

selective permeability

Question 6

a large organelle usually located
near the center of the cell

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

organelle where materials can pass into or out of
the nucleus

Answer 7

nuclear pores

Question 8

diffuse bodies with no surrounding membrane, facilitate ribosome biogenesis

Answer 8

Nucleoli

Question 9

a series of membranes forming sacs and tubules that
extends from the outer nuclear membrane into
the cytoplasm

Answer 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 9

organelles where proteins are produced

Answer 9

Ribosome

Question 10

consists of closely packed stacks of
curved, membrane-bound sacs

Answer 10

Golgi Apparatus

Question 11

are membrane-bound vesicles
formed from the Golgi apparatus

Answer 11

Lysosomes

Question 12

are small, membrane-bound
vesicles containing enzymes that break down
fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide

Answer 12

Peroxisomes

Question 13

It collects, modifies, packages, and distributes
proteins and lipids manufactured by the ER

Answer 13

Golgi

Question 14

are small organelles responsible for producing considerable
amounts of ATP

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

consists of protein structures that support the
cell, hold organelles in place, and enable the cell
to change shape

Answer 15

Cytoskeleton

Question 16

are hollow structures formed from
protein subunits

Answer 16

Microtubules

Question 17

are small fibrils formed from
protein subunits that structurally support the
cytoplasm

Answer 17

Microfilaments

Question 18

fibrils formed from
protein subunits that are smaller in diameter than
microtubules but larger in diameter than
microfilaments

Answer 18

Intermediate filaments

Question 19

a specialized area of
cytoplasm close to the nucleus where
microtubule formation occurs

Answer 19

centrosome

Question 20

a small, cylindrical organelle
composed of microtubules

Answer 20

centriole

Question 21

have a structure similar to that of cilia
but are much longer, and they usually occur only
one per cell

Answer 21

Flagella

Question 22

occurs to increase the number of cells or replace
damaged or dying ones

Answer 22

cell division

Question 23

a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides

Answer 23

cell cycle

Question 24

a cell dividing phase

Answer 24

mitosis

Question 25

the non-dividing stage

Answer 25

interphase

Question 26

process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions

Answer 26

Differentiation

Question 27

programmed cell death, a normal process by which cell numbers within various tissues are adjusted and controlled

Answer 27

Apoptosis

Question 28

cells likely to have been formed using mitosis

Answer 28

heart muscle cells & skin cells

Question 29

Two DNA molecules joined at a centromere have coiled to form two tiny bodies. This connected pair of DNA molecules should properly be called

Answer 29

chromosome