Chap 3 - Organisation and digestive system

Question 1

What is the order of organisation in the human body?

Answer 1

Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ systems - Organism

Question 2

Give a example of an organ and what tissues it is made up of?

Answer 2

Stomach - muscular tissue, glandular tissue, epithelial tissue

Question 3

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 3

Absorbs water from the food that has been digested

Question 4

What 2 main organs is food digested in?

Answer 4

Stomach and small intestine

Question 5

What adaptations does a small intestine have to make it efficient when digesting food?

Answer 5

Big SA covered by villi for enzymes to work on
Good blood supply
Short diffusion distance
Better for active transport

Question 6

Which glands release enzymes?

Answer 6

The stomach and small intestine

Question 7

What does liver produce?

Answer 7

Bile

Question 8

Where is bile stored?

Answer 8

In the gall bladder

Question 9

What are the 3 main foods in a diet that make up structures of cells in the body?

Answer 9

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

Question 10

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Complex carbohydrates- starch and cellulose
Single sugars - glucose
Simple sugars - sucrose

Question 11

What are most carbohydrates broken down into and what is it used for?

Answer 11

Glucose - cellular respiration

Question 12

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 12

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 13

What are all lipids insoluble in?

Answer 13

Water

Question 14

What can vary fatty acids or glycerol?

Answer 14

Fatty acids

Question 15

What are proteins used for?

Answer 15

Building up of cells and tissues and also the basis of all enzymes

Question 16

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 16

Amino acids

Question 17

What elements does protein have?

Answer 17

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and also NITROGEN

Question 18

What happens to proteins to make an active site?

Answer 18

They are folded, bent and shaped into a 3D structure which will act as an enzyme

Question 19

What can effect enzymes?

Answer 19

pH and temperature

Question 20

Give uses of protein?

Answer 20

Structural components of the body
Hormones such as insulin
Antibodies
Enzymes

Question 21

What is an enzyme?

Answer 21

A biological catalyst

Question 22

What are enzymes used for in metabolic reactions?

Answer 22

Building large molecules from smaller ones
Breaking down large molecules into smaller
Changing one molecule into another e.g glucose to fructose

Question 23

What is the lock and key theory?

Answer 23

The enzyme binds to the substrate, the reaction takes place rapidly and the substrate splits into products of the reaction

Question 24

What is the optimum temperature for any enzyme ?

Answer 24

37 - human body temp

Question 25

What is the active site held together by and what affects this?

Answer 25

Forces, pH levels can affect these forces meaning the active site breaks down therefore the enzyme has denatured

Question 26

What are unusual about digestive enzymes compared to all other bodily enzymes?

Answer 26

They work outside cells, lock and key theory

Question 27

What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates and what into?

Answer 27

Amylase - starch into sugars

Question 28

Where is amylase produced and where does digestion of carbohydrates take place?

Answer 28

Salivary glands and pancreas, mouth snd small intestine

Question 29

What enzyme digests proteins and where is it produced?

Answer 29

Protease enzyme, produced by stomach, pancreas and small intestine

Question 30

What enzyme breaks down lipids?

Answer 30

Lipase

Question 31

What are lipids broken down into?

Answer 31

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 32

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 32

Pancreas and small intestine

Question 33

What is the method for the effect of pH on amylase enzyme?

Answer 33

Starch solutions in water bath no higher than 37 Add buffer solution at different pH to each tube Add iodine to each Add amylase and start stopwatch Take samples using pipettes every 30 secs Observe results THIS IS A SUMMARY