Chap 35

Question 1

Parenteral route

Answer 1

(Not via the gastrointestinal tract) - require the use of 1) a syringe and needle OR 3) an intravenous IV catheter, to introduce medications into the body tissues or fluids.

Question 2

why are injections given 3

Answer 2

1) when the pt cannot take medication by mouth
2) to hasten the action of the drug
3) when digestive juices would counteract the effects of the drug if given y the oral route

Question 3

what precautions to observe for with injectable drugs? 3

Answer 3

1) Ensure the dose is accurate
2) select the correct site to prevent damage to the tissue
3) use sterile equipment and aseptic technique to prevent infection and sepsis

Question 4

the move vascular the tissue..

Answer 4

the quicker the medication is absorbed

Question 5

the wrong site or route may cause damage to

Answer 5

a major nerve or blood vessel or death

Question 6

contamination of the equipment or the medication may cause

Answer 6

infection or abscess formation

Question 7

what routes are used for parenteral medication administration? 4

Answer 7

Intradermal(ID) subcutaneous(subcut) Intramuscular(IM) and Intravascular(IV)

Question 8

what route is used extensively for skin testing such as tuberculin testing. used at a 5-15 degree angle of inserstion

Answer 8

ID - Intradermal

Question 9

what route is used for injecting medications into the tissues below the dermal layer? No major vessels or nerves. Inserted at a 45-90 degree angle. Absorption is slower than with IM because lack of blood vessels

Answer 9

Subcutaneous (subcut)

Question 10

what route is used to inject sites of the deltoid, ventrogluteal, vast us laterals, and rectus femurs of the thigh. 90 degree angle of insertion. aspirates to check for blood. Aqueous solutions are absorbed more rapidly than those in an oil suspension

Answer 10

Intramuscular (IM)

Question 11

how many mL can safely be injected in the ventrogluteal, vast us laterals, and rectus femurs sites in most adult pts?

Answer 11

3mL

Question 12

what parts of the syringe must be kept sterile? 4

Answer 12

needle, tip, inside of the barrel, and the sides of the plunger

Question 13

what syringe is large enough for subcutaneous and most IM injections?

Answer 13

3 mL syringe

Question 14

what tip would be the choice for an IM injection?

Answer 14

Luer-Lok tip because the locking mechanism prevents a sudden separation of the needle and syringe when pressure is applied to inject medication into the muscle mass.

Question 15

what tip would be the choice for an ID injection?

Answer 15

non-Luer-Lok slip tip because little pressure is needed to inject the medications into the dermal layer

Question 16

? minims per mL

Answer 16

16 minims

Question 17

0.25 mL = ? minims and 0.75 mL = ? minims

Answer 17

4; 12 minims

Question 18

it is preferable to use a tuberculin syringe for

Answer 18

small doses (under 1 mL)

Question 19

the larger the number of the gauge..

Answer 19

the smaller the needle

Question 20

what are common sizes of an ID needle

Answer 20

25-, 27-, or 29- gauge needle works best

Question 21

what is the common size of a subcutaneous needle?

Answer 21

25-gauge need because its strong enough to puncture the skin and reach below the dermis

Question 22

what are common size needles to penetrate the large muscle layers when IM injections are given?

Answer 22

20-, 21-, 22-, and 23- gauge needles

Question 23

the length of the needle is measured from its..

Answer 23

beveled tip to the junction of the shaft and the hub.

Question 24

most often ? or ? inch needles are used for adult parenteral injections

Answer 24

1 or 1 1/2 inch

Question 25

Adult Im injections frequently use ? and ? gauge needles. Although ? and ? gauge needles are preferred for viscous solutions or medications in oil suspensions.

Answer 25

22 and 23 ; 20 and 21

Question 26

viscous

Answer 26

sticky or gummy

Question 27

when preparing to give an injection, the 1st step is..

Answer 27

to select the appropriate size and type of needles and syringe for the medication to be given and for the pts age and size

Question 28

3mL syringe and 22-gauge, 1 1/2-inch needle are generally used for what injections?

Answer 28

IM

Question 29

3mL syringe and a 27-gauge, 3/8- to 1/2-inch, needle is generally used for what injection?

Answer 29

tuberculin

Question 30

25-gauge, 5/8-inch needle is generally used for what injection?

Answer 30

subcutaneous injection

Question 31

what contains powder in the base and solution in the top which are mixed together for use

Answer 31

the mix-o-vial

Question 32

consists of a vial with an attached needle for use with the Carpuject or Tubex holder

Answer 32

unit dose cartridge

Question 33

what do you need to do before opening an ampule cartridge?

Answer 33

remove the medication from the neck or stem

Question 34

what kind of needle do you use when withdrawing medication from an ampule and why

Answer 34

filter needle because small particles of glass may fall into the medication

Question 35

contains a single standard dose of medication

Answer 35

ampules

Question 36

may contain one or more doses of medication

Answer 36

vial

Question 37

solute

Answer 37

solid material

Question 38

diluent

Answer 38

specified fluid to dissolve the solute

Question 39

typical diluents

Answer 39

sterile water and sterile normal saline

Question 40

the reaction of incompatibilities can range from...

Answer 40

color change, precipitaion, and clouding to invisible chemical changes rendering the drug inactive

Question 41

formation of fibrous tissue

Answer 41

fibrosis

Question 42

scale of measurement

Answer 42

gauge

Question 43

visible elevation of the epidermis

Answer 43

bleb

Question 44

interior diameter of a needle

Answer 44

lumen

Question 45

red, elevated wheals

Answer 45

urticaria

Question 46

pull back on the syringe plunger to create suction

Answer 46

aspirate

Question 47

area of hardened tissue

Answer 47

induration

Question 48

not via the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 48

parenteral

Question 49

fluid to dissolve solute

Answer 49

diluents

Question 50

small circular piece at the center

Answer 50

core

Question 51

slanted part of the needle

Answer 51

bevel

Question 52

what is the needle size and length determined by?

Answer 52

type of injection to be given and the size of muscle tissue and the amount of fat at the pts injections site.

Question 53

what is essential for drug absorption?

Answer 53

adequate circulation

Question 54

needle size for infants

Answer 54

5/8- inch

Question 55

needle size for older children

Answer 55

5/8- inch or 1- inch need

Question 56

when giving a deltoid injection to a child, give the injection in the

Answer 56

thickest part of the muscle; the needle should point at a slight angle toward the shoulder

Question 57

site of choice for infants younger than 12 months for IM injections

Answer 57

vastus lateralis

Question 58

sites for children older than 13 months of age

Answer 58

vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal or a well developed deltoid muscle

Question 59

what is the main way to determine the effectiveness of injections?

Answer 59

to assess for signs that the desired effect is taking place. checking to see whether the signs and symptoms of the problem for which the med is being given are subsidding

Question 60

injection documentation should include? 5

Answer 60

1) medication 2) dosage 3) route 4) site at which the injection was given