Chap 37 Flashcards
(55 cards)
1
Q
function of kidneys
A
remove waste from blood to form urine
2
Q
function of ureters
A
transport urine from kidneys to bladder
3
Q
function of urethra
A
urine travels from bladder and exits through urethra
4
Q
function of bladder
A
reservoir for urine until urge to urinate
5
Q
anuria
A
24 hr urine output is less than 50 mL
6
Q
dysuria
A
painful/difficult urination
7
Q
frequency
A
increased incidence of voiding
8
Q
glycosuria
A
presence of glucose in urine
9
Q
nocturia
A
awakening @ night to pee
10
Q
oliguria
A
24 hr output less than 400 mL
11
Q
polyuria
A
excessive output
12
Q
proteinuria
A
protein in urine
13
Q
pyuria
A
pus in urine
14
Q
urgency
A
strong desire to void
15
Q
urinary incontinence
A
involuntary loss of urine
16
Q
micturition/voiding
A
emptying bladder
17
Q
factors influencing urination
A
- disease conditions
- medications/medical procedures
- activity/muscle tone
- developmental
- psychological factors
- food/fluid intake
18
Q
anticoagulants (color)
A
red urine
19
Q
diuretics (color)
A
pale yellow
20
Q
pyridium (color)
A
orange to orange-red
21
Q
amitriptyline/B-complex vitamin (color)
A
green to blue-green
22
Q
levodopa
A
brown/black
23
Q
urinary retention
A
accumulation of urine due to inability to void
24
Q
urinary tract infection
A
bacteria in urinary tract
25
urinary diversion
diversion of urine to external source
26
causes of urinary retention
- medications
- edema/infection/tumor of prostate in males
- urethral obstruction
- anesthesia/paralysis/neurological
27
assessments for urinary retention
- medications
- how long since last void
- is bladder palpable?
- previous diagnoses
- any trauma/injury to urethra?
- any change in color/consistency of urine?
28
interventions for urinary retention
- catheterization
- surgery
- medication
29
risk factors/causes of UTI
- catheter insertion
- urinary stasis
- improper hygiene
- invasive procedures
30
interventions for UTI
- increase fluid intake/water/cranberry juice
- anti-infectives
- education
31
patients @ risk for UTI
- sexually active women
- women using diaphragms for contraception
- postmenopausal women
- indwelling catheter pt
- diabetes mellitus
- older adults
32
transient incontinence
appears suddenly and lasts 6 months or less
33
mixed incontinence
void w/ features of 2 or more other types
34
overflow incontinence
overdistention & overflow of bladder
35
functional incontinence
caused by factors outside urinary tract
36
reflex incontinence
emptying bladder w/out sensation of need to void
37
total incontinence
continuous/unpredictable loss of urine
38
stress incontinence
involuntary loss of urine related to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure
39
interventions for overflow incontinence
- intermittent catheterization
| - condom catheter
40
interventions for functional incontinence
- schedule toileting
- absorbent products
- clothing modifications
- environmental alteration
41
interventions for stress incontinence
- pelvic floor exercises
| - surgical intervention
42
interventions for urge incontinence
- medication/lifestyle changes
- pelvic floor exercises
- bladder retraining
- absorbent products
43
interventions for hyperactive/overactive bladder
- pelvic floor exercises
- fluid intake 1.5-2 L a day
- limit carbonation & caffeine
- bladder training
44
assessment for urinary
- history of urination pattern & symptoms
- physical assessment
- characteristics of urine
- patient's perception of problems
- lab/diagnostic testing
45
skin and mucosal membrane assessment
assess hydration
46
kidneys assessment
flank pain may occur w/ infection or inflammation
47
bladder assessment
distended bladder rises above symphysis pubis
48
urethral meatus assessment
observe for discharge, inflammation, and lesions
49
assessment of urine
- intake/output
- color
- clarity
- odor
- urine testing
50
types of urine specimens
- routine analysis
- clean-catch/midstream
- sterile specimens w/ indwelling cath
- from urinary diversion
- 24-hr specimen
51
CDC indwelling catheter reasons
- pt has acute urinary retention/bladder output obstruction
- need accurate urine output measurements
- selected surgical procedure
- assist in healing open sacral/perineal wound
- requires prolonged immoblization
- end of life care
52
straight/intermittent/in-and-out caths
used to empty bladder and then removed
53
when should you perform cath care?
every 8 hrs & PRN
54
cath care
- wash w/ soap and warm water
- check for kinks/leakage
- keep drainage bag below level of bladder
55
surgical asepsis
- sterile touches sterile only
- only sterile on sterile field
- once out of range of vision and an object is below waist line, it is contaminated
- sterile object is contaminated by prolonged air exposure
- when sterile gets wet, contaminated
- fluid flows in direction of gravity
- edges of field are contaminated
