Chap 4-6 Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Ethnocentrism
A
Judging a culture on your own values
2
Q
Culture
A
A sum total of the environment in which we are raised and continue to be socialized throughout our lives
3
Q
Cultural relativism
A
Understanding cultures on the own terms
4
Q
Culture shock
A
Disoriented by new surroundings when material and symbolic culture are new or unknown
5
Q
Non material culture
A
Ideas associated with a cultural group
Ways of thinking, behaving and symbols
6
Q
Norms
A
Rules and guidelines for acceptable behaviour
7
Q
Norms
Folkways
A
Loosely unforced
I informal not codified
Picking nose in public
8
Q
Mores
A
Norm that carries greater formal
Significance
Formal can be codified
Cheating on spouse
9
Q
Taboos
A
A type of more formal codified disgust rape, pedophilias
10
Q
laws
A
mores and taboos translated into laws
red-stop green=go
11
Q
formal norm
A
written into laws (codified)
12
Q
informal norm
A
unspoken list (folkways)
13
Q
prescriptive norm
A
rule of behavior expected to preform
14
Q
proscriptive
A
rule of behaviour expected to refrain from
15
Q
Informal sanction
A
not big consequence (socially excluded)
16
Q
formal sanction
A
punishment (jail, expulsion)
17
Q
positive sanction
A
offered reward of encouragement
18
Q
negative sanction
A
removal of privilege, grounded
19
Q
high culture
A
consumed by upper class
20
Q
pop culture
A
majority- forms of expressions of masses
consumer goods, commercial products
21
Q
dominant culture
A
values and norms of a group within society that is the most powerful
referred to as dominant or mainstream
22
Q
conflict perspective
A
ideologies of the bourgeoise
23
Q
stereotypes
A
smart Asians
24
Q
subculture
A
differentiate themselves from society by distinctive values
culture within a culture
25
counter culture
openly rejects society's values and norms
| polygamy
26
socializations
1. the wayt society, culture or groups teaches individuals to become functional members
2. process of individual learning and internalizing values and norms of the group
27
Agents of socialization
Family, schools, peers, media
28
Agents of socialization
family- most significant -PRIMARY
29
Agents of socialization
schools- - becoming more pressure-
SECONDARY
"hidden curriculum"- obey and conform
30
Agents of socialization
peers- same age similar social status- SECONDARY
31
Agents of socialization
Mass media
| Large audience via mass media- SECONDARY
32
Self-fulfilling prophesy
belief about what others believe about you
33
Thomas Theorem
situations we define as real have real consequences
34
self
our individual and personal identity which is separate and distinct from other individuals
Social identity (social)
Personal (subjective)
35
Symbolic Interactionism
George Herbert Mead
micro
how is the self and society created through social interactionism?
We act toward things on the basis of their meanings
36
Mead and the self
born without a self- develops through interaction
37
Roles
behaviors expected of a person occupying a particular position
38
Role Taking
Ability to see oneself through the eyes of others
subjective and objective
Talking about your self in the third person
39
Significant Other
Important role in early socialization (family)
40
Formation of self
Mead- Three stages
| Preparatory, play stage, Game stage
41
Preparatory stage
Imitation 0-3 yrs
42
Play Stage
Significant other
Take on role of other
Able to play doctor, house, mom
2-6 yrs
43
Game Stage
Can play organizer games
Ca see difference between self and others
Generalized other- develops conscience
Age7
44
Generalized other
Ability of a child to understand complex rules, internalize norms, voice in your head, conscience
45
Mead's concept and the self
The "I" and the ""me"
46
Mead's "I"
Wild, subjective, impulsive, present from birth
47
Mead's "ME"
Tame, objective, socialized, emerges though role taking
48
Cooley's "looking glass self"
We see ourselves reflected how others see us
How i see myself vs how others see me
1. imagine how we look to others
2. imagine others judgement of us
3. we see ourselves based on our perceptions of others judgment
49
Ascribed Status
Born with, difficult to change, gender, sex, race
50
Achieved Status
Earned, though our own efforts
51
Status Cues
Visual indication of status (shoes)
52
Roles
Set of behaviors, thoughts and feeling expected from status (mom = nurturing and caring)
53
Role Playing
Conforming to society's expectations of a role
| housewife
54
Role making
Challenging society's expectations of role
| Stay at home dad, punk rock parents
55
Role Conflict
coflict among two or more roles
| being a student and a parnt
56
Role Strain
One role with lots of asks
| athelete
57
Status Set
All the the different statuses you have
| student, sister, girlfriend
58
Role Set
The expectations of the status set you have
Student-study
girlfriend-caring
59
Gender and Social Interaction
Socialized differently based on roles
| Girls vs Boys activities
60
Emotional Labour
Work you are paid for that requires feeling
| waitress, teacher
61
Emotional Management
Unpaid emotional regulation of the home (plans birthday parties, schedules dr's appointments)
62
Goffman
Dramaturgy
63
Dramaturgy
Goffman
| We are all actors on a stage playing roles.
64
Impression management
Goffman
| Control how others viewus so we can be seen in the best light
65
Expressions Given
Goffman
| Verbal and purposeful (what we say)
66
Expressions Given- off
Goffman
| Non-verbal and unintended (body lang.)
67
Front stage
Goffman
| How you act in public
68
Backstage
Goffman
| preparation for your performance
69
Social Group
Collection of people who
1. share some attribute- love of Star Trek
2. identify with one another- trekkies
3. interact with one another- go to conventions
70
group dynamics
how groups grow, form and change (within/between)
71
Group influences
1. Size small= informal norms, not codified vs large= codified, rule and regular;ation
2. in-group- identifies with your team vs out-group- opposition, rivalry (oilers)
3. reference group- peers we compare ourselves to
4. group cohesion- solidarity group feels towards a group they belong to.
72
Group Size
small= informal norms, not codified vs large= codified, rule and regular;ation
73
in group and out group
in-group- identifies with your team vs outgruop- opposition, rivalry (oilers)
74
Reference group
peers we compare ourselves to
75
Group cohesion
solidarity group feels towards a group they belong to.
76
Mass media
Form of communication targeting large audience in front and electric form
77
Traditional Media
7
| books, magazines, cinema, tv, radio, newspapers, film,
78
New media
can overlap with traditional media
| Internet and electronic gadgets
79
Digital Sociology
Studies use of digital media (with can be created, viewed, saved, distributed, modified on electric devices), impact, development, use. Social worlds can be investigated, evaluated and understood.
80
Net Neutrality
Principle of equality and detachment with respect to how information on the internet is treated by network providers
81
Social construction or reality
reality socially constructed by creation of cultural representation
Mass media plays a key role in the creation of cultural representation
82
Cultural representation
Reflective, Intentional, constructionist
83
Reflective cultural representation
representation reflect reality (apple is an apple)
84
Intentional cultural representation
representation reflects authors intent
85
Constructionist cultural representation
representation actively tries to shape you views, representation as prescription, mass media, propaganda
86
Structural functionalism frame work of media
```
Manifest function- share information, socialization
Latent function-theft, cyber bullying
Social capital (who do you know)
```
87
Conflict approach to media
```
Who's interests do the media reflect?
Concentrated ownership
Object attributes
Agenda setting
culture Jamming
```
88
Concentrated owner ship
ownership, advertising, global media, corporate ownership
"big 5" of tv
"big 3" of music
"big 5 " of media
89
Agenda Setting
Propaganda model-
| media filters messages that serve instructs of corporations.
90
Object attributes
How we understand the object
| Shaping publics agenda
91
Culture Jamming
(opposite of structural functionalism)
anti-consumerist social movement to critique capitalism
satire
reaction against social conformity
92
Interactionist approach to media
Framing theory
93
Framing theory
media focuses attention on certain events then places them within a frame of meaning
94
Framing theory Language
gay marriage vs marriage equality
95
Framing theory Images
lightened skin
96
Framing theory Sizing
forefront, amount of time space given in news reel
97
Framing theory Agency
inclusion of a particular word to imply where blame lies (loot vs found)
98
Framing theory Identification
encourages or discourages identification with one of the characters in news event
99
Framing theory Categorization
Overall framework used to label event by the media
100
Framing theory Generalization
media story generalized to larger political system of issue
101
Feminist and gender approaches (conflict)
Gender stereo types and feminist culture jamming
102
gender stereo types
men as villains, reverts, aggressors
| women as sexualized, overtly feminized, nurturing
103
Queer theories
queering texts
104
queering texts
```
cultural spectatorship locates and celebrates non-normative gender and sexuality.
reimagines texts (gay Romeo and Juliet)
```
105
Critical Race. theory
Noble (algorithms of oppression)
| Data discrimination
106
Algorithms of oppression
algorithms in the age of neoliberalism
| how search engines reinforce racism
107
Data Discrimination
How the combination of private interests, monopoly stars of search engines lead to bias set of search algorithms that are negative towards blacks and positive towards whites
108
media violence social learning theory
people learn from observing the behaviour of others. media violence teaches people to be violent
109
desensitization theory
repeated exposure lessens physical and emotional impact
110
media literacy
ability to critically asses and make informed choices about messages contained in media forms
111
Assumptions underlying media literacy
1. All media are constructs
2. Audiences negotiate meaning
3. Media have commercial interests
4. Media have social and political implications (agenda setting and cultural representation)
5. Each medium has a unique aesthetic form
