Chap 5

Question 1

also called cholinoceptor antagonists

Answer 1

Cholinergic antagonists

Question 2

CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS

Question 3

only have the ability to bind (affinity) but does not elicit a

Question 4

pharmacologic response.

Question 5

a general term for agents that bind to cholinoceptors

Question 6

(muscarinic or nicotinic) and prevent the effects of

Question 7

acetylcholine (ACh) and other cholinergic agonists

Question 8

BASIC PHARMACOLOGY OF THE MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR

Question 9

BLOCKING DRUGS

Question 10

also known as antimuscarinic agents or parasympatholytics

Question 11

ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTSs

Question 12

drugs that are antagonist to the muscarinic receptors

Question 13

selective blockers of muscarinic receptors

Question 14

the prototype of antimuscarinic drugs

Question 15

also called hyoscyamine

Question 16

1. ATROPINE

Question 17

found in the plant Atropa belladona (deadly nightshade).

Question 18

and Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed/ Jamestown

Question 19

weed; sacred Datura or thorn apple)

Question 20

1

Question 21

2

Question 22

In the Philippines

Answer 22

we don’t have the Atropa

Question 23

belladonna and Datura stramonium. Instead

Answer 23

our

Question 24

source of atropine is Datura metel

Answer 24

commonly

Question 25

known as Talumpunay.

Question 26

Atropine causes reversible (surmountable) blockade of

Question 27

cholinomimetic actions at muscarinic receptors

Question 28

Mechanism of Action

Question 29

actions last about 4 hours except when placed topically in

Question 30

the eye

Answer 30

where the action may last for days

Question 31

Actions of Atropine

Question 32

Effects of Atropine in specific organs are the following:

Question 33

Eye

Question 34

Can cause "mydriasis" (dilation)

Question 35

Atropine- used to dilate pupils

Question 36

cosmetically and account for the name

Question 37

belladonna (Italian

Answer 37

"beautiful lady")

Question 38

can also cause "cycloplegia" (weaken

Question 39

contraction of the ciliary muscles)

Question 40

results in loss of ability to

Question 41

accommodate: the fuly

Question 42

atropinized eye cannot

Question 43

focus for near vision

Question 44

contraindicated in glaucoma

Question 45

can also cause reduce lacrimation -

Question 46

dry or sandy eyes

Question 47

Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 48

marked effects on salivary secretion -

Question 49

dry mouth (xerostomia)

Question 50

can reduce volumes and amount of

Question 51

pepsin

Answer 51

acid and mucin (enzymes

Question 52

needed for the GI tract)

Question 53

Page 1 of 6

Question 54

decreased motility (gastric emptying

Question 55

time is prolonged and intestinal transit

Question 56

time is lengthened) - effective

Question 57

antispasmodic

Question 58

Example of Antispasmodic:

Question 59

ADDTL:

Question 60

Buscopan® (Hyoscine N-

Question 61

butylbromide) also

Question 62

considered as

Question 63

Anticholinergic antagonist

Question 64

Buscopan Plus® and

Question 65

Buscopan Venus®

Question 66

(Hyoscine N-butylbromide

Question 67

+ Paracetamol)

Question 68

Menstruation

Answer 68

or a period

Question 69

OCcurs when the lining of the

Question 70

uterus sheds due to

Question 71

hormonal changes. Since

Question 72

there is a tear/shed on the

Question 73

lining

Answer 73

the body will consider

Question 74

it as an injury and the

Question 75

immune system will work on

Question 76

it. resulting fo the

Question 77

production of cytokines

Question 78

prostaglandins

Answer 78

etc

Question 79

causing the pain.

Question 80

Not all females experience

Question 81

the pain which is actually

Question 82

dependent on the sensitivity

Question 83

of the prostaglandins.

Question 84

Pain is subjective. All people

Question 85

have different pain

Question 86

threshold.

Question 87

Endometriosis

Answer 87

thick lining

Question 88

on the uterus. It can cause

Question 89

severe pain in the pelvis and

Question 90

make it harder to get

Question 91

pregnant.

Question 92

Polycystic

Question 93

ovary

Question 94

syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 94

few

Question 95

unusual or very long

Question 96

periods. Have more male

Question 97

hormone (testosterone)

Question 98

than female hormone

Question 99

(progesterone).

Question 100

can cause "intestinal paralysis"

Question 101

now rarely used for peptic ulcer

Question 102

can provide some relief in the

Question 103

treatment of common traveler's

Question 104

diarrhea and other conditions of

Question 105

hypermotility

Question 106

Loperamide used for diarrhea

Question 107

(Anticholinergic)

Question 108

Atropine

Question 109

(nonanalgesic

Question 110

meperidine) = Lomotil

Question 111

Diphenoxylate

Question 112

congener

Question 113

of