Chap. 5 - Cardiology Diseases Part 1 Flashcards
(38 cards)
Mild to severe chest pain caused by ischemia of the myocardium. Atherosclerosis blocks the flow of oxygenated blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium. Patient feels crushing pressurelike sensation in the chest with pain up the neck and down the left arm, with extreme sweating and sense of doom. Can occur during exercise or resting. It’s a warning of impeding myocardial infarction.
Angina pectoris
General category that includes acute ischemia of the myocardium with unstable angina pectoris.
Acute coronary syndrome
Enlargement of the heart from congestive heart failure.
Cardiomegaly
Any disease condition of the heart muscle that includes heart enlargement and heart failure.
Cardiomyopathy
Left ventricle is dilated and myocardium is so stretched that it can no liger contract to pump blood.
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy with an unknown cause
Idiopathic cardiomyopathy
Inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood. Caused by chronic coronary artery disease or hypertension.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Enlargement
Hypertrophy
During CHF, the myocardium undergoes Hypertrophy which temporarily improves blood flow.
Compensated heart failure
In later stages of CHF, the heart can no longer enlarge. Instead, the myocardium becomes dilated, flabby, and progressively loses its ability contract.
Decompensated Heart Failure
In right sided congestive heart failure, the right ventricle is unable to adequately pump blood. Blood backs up in the superior vena cava.
Jugular venous distension
In CHF, blood also backs up in the inferior vena cava causing hepatomegy (enlarged liver) and _______ in the legs, ankles, and feet.
Peripheral edema
In CHF, When there is lung disease and the right ventricle enlarges to pump harder.
Cor pulmonale
Death of myocardial cells due to severe ischemia. The flow of oxygenated blood in the coronary artery is blocked by a blood clot or atherosclerosis. May have angina pectoris or indigestion, and area has necrosis.
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Inflammation and bacterial infection of the endocardium and the valves. Occurs when valves already have structural defect. Infection from somewhere else in the body travels to heart and gets trapped in defect causing infection.
Endocarditis
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) causes fever, fatigue, and aching muscles.
Abnormal heart sound created by turbulence as blood leaks past a defective heart valve. Murmurs are described according to their volume, their sound, and when they occur during cardiac cycle.
Heart Murmur
Inflammation or infection of the pericardial sac with accumulation of pericardial fluid.
Pericarditis
In pericarditis, when fluid presses on the heart and prevents it from beating.
Cardiac tamponade
Autoimmune response to a previous streptococcal infection, like strep throat. Mostly occurs in children, and known as rheumatic fever. Body makes antibodies to fight bacteria, but they attract connective tissue in body, particularly joints/heart. Joints become swollen with fluid and inflamed. Mitral and aortic valves of heart become inflamed and damaged. Valves become scarred and narrowed (stenosis).
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Structure abnormality in which the leaflets of the mitral valve don’t close tightly. Can be congenital condition or valve damage from infection. There is [regurgitation] as blood flows backwards into left atrium with contractions.
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Aorta is abnormally narrow
Coarctation of the Aorta
A permanent hole in the interatrial septum
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Permanent hole in the interventricular septum.
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Four defects, including a ventricular septal defect, narrowing of pulmonary artery valve and trunk, hypertrophy of the right ventricle, and malposition of aorta.
Tetralogy of Fallot
