Chap 5 SG

Question 1

Forensic psychology

Answer 1

the application of the science of profession of psychology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system. Also called criminal psychology

Question 2

Criminal psychology

Answer 2

IS THE STUDY OF THE WILLS: THOUGHTS, INTENTIONS AND REACTIONS OF CRIMINALS, ALL THAT PARTAKES IN CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

Question 3

Personality

Answer 3

is the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique

Question 4

Behaviorism

Answer 4

a theory in criminology that criminal behaviors are learned through experiences in the environment, and are not inherited

Question 5

Conditioning

Answer 5

a type of learning that occurs when an animal or human associates a particular stimulus with a particular response

Question 6

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 6

criminal behavior is the result of unresolved conflicts from childhood that have been repressed into the unconscious mind

Question 7

Schizophrenia

Answer 7

a serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves (psychopathology)

Question 8

Psychopath

Answer 8

a theory that describes a person who is self-centered and selfish, and will use manipulation or force to achieve their own goals

(antisocial behavior, Lack sympathy, empathy, or embarrassment, effective manipulators, the motivation of others (and use that against you), disassociate emotionally from their actions, charm and intelligence)

Question 9

Sociopath

Answer 9

dangerous criminals because of their inability to form normal relationships and their self-centeredness

Question 10

Antisocial personality

Answer 10

put more emphasis on the behavior. My behavior puts me into conflict with those around us
common among prison population (selfish, callous, irresponsible, impulsive,
and don’t learn from experience or punishment)

Question 11

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 11

a recording of brain activity that is produced by attaching small sensors to the scalp

Question 12

Traits

Answer 12

are stable personality patterns that tend to endure throughout the life course and across social and cultural contexts

Question 13

Five factor model

Answer 13

1) Openness to experience
2) Extraversion
3) Conscientiousness
4) Neuroticism
5) Agreeableness

Question 14

Moral development theory

Answer 14

A perspective of crime causation holding that individuals become criminal when
they have not successfully completed their intellectual development from
childhood to adulthood. You just never grew up

Question 15

Cognitive Information Processing Theory

Answer 15

People make decisions through complex thought processes, comparing information with past experiences, seeking acceptable responses, and acting on decisions. Violent individuals seek context and act out of preservation

Question 16

Scripts

Answer 16

allow us to enter a situation with a set of expectations so we can predict the outcomes or given situations and act accordingly

Question 17

Neurosis

Answer 17

Anxiety, phobias, or other abnormal behavior

Question 18

Psychosis

Answer 18

You’re out of touch with reality

Question 19

Sublimation

Answer 19

You substitute one aspect of consciousness with another

Question 20

Psychotherapy

Answer 20

Criminal therapy - can be used in criminology to help treat criminal behaviors and prevent recidivism (repeating offenses)

Question 21

Id

Answer 21

(pleasure principle/lil devil on the shoulder) This is where your base desires and urges come from. It drives your instinctual impulses and seeks to satisfy your primitive
needs with immediate gratification

Question 22

Ego

Answer 22

(reality-testing part of your personality) your conscience and is in touch with the realities in situations. It controls your behavior and keeps your id in check

Question 23

Superego

Answer 23

(lil angel on your shoulder) your morality or conscience. It helps you uphold your moral standards when you are faced with a decision. It also takes into consideration the morals of your community

Question 24

Repression

Answer 24

taking your natural desires and impulses and burying them in our subconscious where they stay dormant

Question 25

Paranoid schizophrenic

Answer 25

a schizophrenic who suffers from delusions and hallucinations (irrational behavior, often stemming from auditory or visual hallucinations and delusions/can be violent)

Question 26

Risk assessment

Answer 26

a tool used to predict an individual's likelihood of reoffending or breaking the law

Question 27

Alloplastic adaptation

Answer 27

a form of adaptation where the subject attempts to change the environment when faced with a difficult situation

Question 28

Autoplastic adaptation

Answer 28

describes how people can psychologically adapt to and even find comfort in difficult environments, such as prisons (Sigmund Freud)

Question 29

Criminogenic needs

Answer 29

1) Antisocial attitudes, values, and beliefs 2) Antisocial personality and low self-control 3) Antisocial associates and friends 4) Low levels of social achievement (lack of education or vocational training, financial achievement) 5) Family factors (including marital instability or a criminal family) 6) Substance abuse 7) Lack of prosocial pursuits

Question 30

Attachment theory

Answer 30

(Infants need to bond with a parent figure early in life to be well-adjusted later) Delinquent behavior happens when these connection aren’t made. I am plagued with feelings of uncertainty because I don’t have parental care I can count on

Question 31

Sigmund Freud

Answer 31

was the best-know psychiatrist of all time and was the father of psychoanalysis— theories based in the unconscious, resistance, sexuality, repression, and the Oedipus complex (didn’t specifically address criminology)

Question 32

Behavior therapy

Answer 32

we reward behavior and see an increase in that behavior. We punish behavior and we will see a decrease in that behavior

Question 33

Operant behavior

Answer 33

Your response to that reward/punishment. We have positive rewards or negative rewards; positive punishment or negative punishments

Question 34

Social cognition theory

Answer 34

We learn to act by watching others and doing what they do. This can be a parent, sibling, TV character, friend, teacher, etc

Question 35

Modeling

Answer 35

TV exposure to violent characters early in life may link to later aggression, adverse life-turns may trigger aggression, and internal self-regulatory mechanisms may punish self-violence

Question 36

Correctional psychology (gists)

Answer 36

Forensic psychologists offer mental health services in prisons, including assessments, interventions, and treatments, with complete control over behaviors, rewards, punishments, and risk factors to prevent future offenses

Question 37

Psychological profiling

Answer 37

Crime clues reflect offender personality, and crime scenes are analyzed to develop a profile of the unsub, focusing on understanding the offense and its perpetrator

Question 38

What are the common signs of a psychopathic personality?

Answer 38

-Impulsivity -Lack of empathy -Antisocial behavior -Unemotional traits -Lack of realistic, long-term goals -Need for stimulation -Pathological lying -Superficial charm -Violent tendencies, abuse, or aggression

Question 39

How does schizophrenia influence criminal behavior?

Answer 39

People with schizophrenia are at a higher risk of committing violent crimes than the general population

Question 40

What are the main critiques of psychological and psychiatric theories?

Answer 40

The environment's influence on crime is undervalued, as it reduces our ability to prevent it. Our varying aversions to rewards and punishments further complicate this issue

Question 41

Charismatic psychopaths

Answer 41

charming, attractive, and also a habitual liar. They manipulate others for their own benefit. The feelings of those others do not come into consideration

Question 42

Personality Disturbances

Answer 42

Schizophrenics, bipolar, and ADHD all fall under psychopathology

Question 43

Distempered psychopaths

Answer 43

easily offended, fly into rages with the slightest provocation. They have strong urges (including sexual) and are prone to addiction

Question 44

Primary psychopaths

Answer 44

are born that way

Question 45

Secondary psychopaths (or sociopaths)

Answer 45

are born “normal” but develop psychopathic tendencies through trauma or abuse