Chap 6 Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Abdomen
A
Cavity with organs between diaphragm and pelvis
2
Q
Acetabulum
A
Depression in pelvis where three bones join with femoral head.
3
Q
Adams apple (thyroid cartilage
A
Upper larynx
4
Q
Adrenal glands
A
Endocrine glands located on top of kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by sympathetic nervous system.
5
Q
Adrenegic
A
Nerves that release norepinephrine, noradrenaline
6
Q
Aerobic metabolism
A
In presence of O2
7
Q
Agonal gasps
A
Slow gasping breaths common in cardiac arrest.
8
Q
Alpha-adrenergic receptors
A
Part of nervous system part of nervous system. When stimulated constrict blood vessels.
9
Q
Alveoli
A
Air sacs in lungs exchange o2 and CO2
10
Q
Anaerobic metabolism
A
No Oxygen
11
Q
Anatomic position
A
Face forward hands up.
12
Q
Aorta
A
Main artery left side of chest. Carries oxygenated blood to rest of body.
13
Q
Appendicular skeleton
A
Arms legs pelvis and shoulder girdle of skeleton
14
Q
Appendix
A
Attached to lower cecum in lower right quadrant of abdomen.
15
Q
Arterioles
A
Smallest branch of arteries leads to capillaries
16
Q
Articular cartilage
A
Cartilage covering in synovial joint.
17
Q
Atrium
A
One of two chambers of heart.
18
Q
Autonomic Nervous system
A
Part of nervous system that regulates involuntary functions.
19
Q
Axial skeleton
A
Skull spinal column and rib cage.
20
Q
Ball and socket joints.
A
Internal and external rotation and bending.
21
Q
Beta-adrenergic receptors
A
Part of nervous system and stimulates force of heart contractions, increased HR and broncial dilation
22
Q
Biceps.
A
Muscl that covers front of humerus.
23
Q
Bile ducts
A
Ducts between liver and intestine.
24
Q
Blood pressure
A
Pressure exerted on blood vessels.
25
Brachial artery
Major vessels in arms that cary blood
26
Brain stem
Between cerebrum and spinal cord. Surrounded by cerebellum. Controls vital functions (respiration)
27
Capillary Vessels
Between cerebrum and spinal cord. Surrounded by cerebellum. Controls vital functions (etc. Respiration)
28
Cardiac muscle
Heart
29
Cardiac output CO
Amount of volume circulated by the heart in one minute. Stroke volume x heart rate.
30
Carotid artery
Supplies blood to brain.
31
Cecum
First part of large intestine. Ileum opens into this.
32
Central nervous system
The brain and spinal cord
33
Cerebellum
A subdivision of the brain. “Little brain” coordinates fine body movement.
34
Cerebrospinal fluid CSF
Fluid. Produced in brain ventricles goes to subarachnoid spaced. Coats meninges.
35
Cerebrum
Largest part of brain. “Gray matter” Several lobes for movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, personality.
36
Cervical spine
7 vertebrae in the neck
37
Chordae Tendineae
Fibrous tissue attached to valves in heart. Prevent from inverting.
38
Chyme
Food and stomach acid that leaves the stomach.
39
Circulatory system
Movement of blood, O2 CO2 nutrients and waste through connected tubes of arteries arterioles, capillaries venules and veins.
40
Clavicle
Collar bone, lateral to sternum, anterior to scapula.
41
Coccyx
Last 3-4 vertebrae of spine
42
Coronal plane
Front and back division plane.
43
Cranium
Area of head above the ears and eyes.
44
Cricoid cartilage
Firm ridge of cartilage that forms lower larynx
45
Cricothyroid membrane
Thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilage that make up the larynx
46
Dead space
Part of the airway that does not contribute to gas exchange, trachea and bronchi
47
Dermis
Inner layer of skin. Hair follicles sweat glands and nerve endings.
48
Diaphragm
Muscular dome that forms undersurface of the thorax. Separates chest from abdominal cavity. Contraction of diaphragm brings air into lungs, relaxing expels air.
49
Diastole
Relaxation of heart muscle.
50
Digestion
Processing food into cells.
51
Dorsalis Pedis artery
Artery on foot between first and second metatarsals
52
Endocrine system
Hormone system
53
Epidermis
Outer layer of skin
54
Esophagus
Muscle tube from pharynx to stomach
55
Expiratory reserve volume
Amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation, about 1200 mL
56
Extention
Straightening of a joint
57
Fallopian tube
Tube from arterus to ovary where ovum passes from ovary to uterus
58
Femoral artery
major artery in the thigh, connects to spinal cord.
59
Femur
Thighbone
60
Flexion
Bending of a joint
61
Foramen Magnum
Opening at base of skull that connects to spinal cord
62
Frontal bone
Forhead bone
63
Galbladder
Sac on undersurface of liver collects bile and discharges it into duodenum through the common bile duct.
64
Germinal layer
Deepest layer of epidermis where new skin is formed.
65
Greater tronchanter
Bony part bellow the hip joint
66
Hinge joints
Motion restricted to one plane
67
Humerus
Supporting bone of upper arm.
68
Hypoxic drive
System that aids in respiration when oxygen levels are low in blood.
69
Hypoxic drive
System that aids in respiration when oxygen levels are low in blood
70
Ilium
One of three bones in pelvis
71
Inferior vena cava
One of 2 main veins bringing blood from lower extremities, pelvic and abdomen to heart.
72
Inspiratory reserve volume
Amount brought in with a normal inhalation
73
Interstitial space
Space between cells.
74
Involuntary muscle
No conscious control
75
Ischium
One of 3 bones in pelvis
76
Joint articulation
2 bones make contact
77
Joint capsule
Fibrous sac encasing joint
78
Kidneys
Organs that excrete waste of metabolism. Regulate bodies salt content.
79
Labored breathing
Using auxiliary muscles in chest, back and abdomen to assist in breathing.
80
Lactic acid
Metabolic bi-product of anaerobic metabolism
81
Large intestine
Circles abdomen cecum, colon and rectum. Regulates water, eliminates waste.
82
Lesser trochanter
Projection on the medial/superior portion of femur.
83
Ligament
Band of tissue that connects bone to bone and strengthens joints
84
Liver
Upper right quadrant right bellow diaphragm. Produces bile, stores glucose for immediate source. Produce products in part of the immune response.
85
Lumbar spine
Lower 5 non-fused vertebrae
86
Lymph
Straw colored fluid. Brings O2, nutrients and hormones to cells. Carries waste away.
87
Lymph nodes
Vessels that filter lymph
88
Mandible
Lower jaw
89
Manubrium
Upper sternum
90
Maxillae
Upper jaw. Part of orbit, nasal cavity.
91
Medulla oblongata
Nerve tissue that is continuous inferiorly with spinal cord. Controls heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing.
92
Midbrain:
Regulate consciousness
93
Midsagittal plane (midline)
Goes through nose and belly button
94
Minute volume
Amount of air in and out of lungs in one minute. Tidal volume x respiratory rate.
95
Mucous membrane
Body cavities that communicate with outside environment
96
Mucus
Secretion of mucus membrane
97
Musculoskeletal system
Bones of voluntary muscle
98
Myocardium
Heart
99
Nasopharynx
Pharynx above the level of the roof of the mouth.
100
Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitter that produces vasoconstriction. Alpha-stimulator. Used in treatment of shock.
101
Occiput
Posterior portion of cranium
102
Oncotic pressure
Pressure to move water into capillaries
103
Orbit
Eye socket made of maxilla and zygoma
104
Oropharynx
Tube extending from back of mouth to esophagus.
105
Ovaries
Female glands that produce sex hormones.
106
Pancreas
Bellow liver and stomach. Flat solid organ, major source of digestive enzymes and produces insulin.
107
Parasympathetic nervous system
Part of autonomic nervous system involved in control of involuntary functions mediated by vagus nerve through chemical acetylcholine.
108
Parietal bones
Bones between temporal and occipital regions of cranium.
109
Atella
Knee cap. Lies within the tendon and quadricep muscle.
110
Pathophysiology
How physiology is affected by disease
111
Perfusion
Circulation of oxygenated blood in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ needs.
112
Peripheral nervous system PNS
Part of nervous system that contain sensory nerves motor nerves or connecting nerves. 31 from brain, 12 from spine.
113
Peristalsis
Tubular muscle contractions in a wave type pattern.
114
Plasma
Stick yellow fluid that carries blood cells and nutrients. Transports waste to organs for excretion.
115
Platelets
Start blood clots. Thin disk element of blood.
116
Pleura
Membranes that cover lungs, line thorax and enclose other open space.
117
Pons
Organ bellow midbrain, above medulla. Contains nerve fibers for sleep, respiration and the medullary respiratory center.
118
Posterior tibial artery
Artery behind medial malleolus. Blood to foot.
119
Prostrate gland
Small gland in male urethra coming from urinary bladder secretes fluid that is part of ejaculatory fluid.
120
Pubic symphysis
Bony cartilage protrudence in midline in lower portion of abdomen where the tow halves of the pelvic ring are joined by cartilage at a joint with minimal motion.
121
Pubis
One of three bones in pelvic ring.
122
Pulmonary artery
Major artery coming from right ventricle of heart to the lungs. Carries oxygen poor blood.
123
Pulmonary veins
The four veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium of the heart.
124
Pulse
Wave pressure of heart as it contracts forcing blood out of left ventricle into major arteries.
125
Radial artery
Major artery in forearm.
126
Radius
The bone on the thumb side of forearm
127
Rectum
Lowermost part of colon
128
Red blood cells
Cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes
129
Renal pelvis
Cone shape area that collects urine from kidney and funnels through to ureter into bladder.
130
Residual volume
Air in lungs after max expiration.
131
Respiration
Physiological exchange of air and carbon dioxide
132
Respiratory system
Upper and lower airways and counterparts
133
Respiratory compromise
Inability to exchange air
134
Reticular activating system
Upper brainstem responsible for maintaining consciousness and level of arousal.
135
Retroperitoneal
Abdominal cavity
136
Sacroiliac Joint
Connects points of the pelvis with vertebral column
137
Sacrum
One of three bones in the pelvic ring. Two pelvis bones and one sacrum.
138
Sagittal (lateral) Plane
An imaginary line where the body is divided into the left and right parts.
139
Salivary glands
Glands for saliva keep moth and pharynx moist
140
Scalp
Thick skin on cranium
141
Sebaceous Glands
Glands that produce oily substance called sebum that discharges along the shafts of the hairs.
142
Seminal Vesicles
Storage sacs of sperm and seminal fluid that empty into urethra at the prostate.
143
Sensory nerves
Carry sensations from body to CNS
144
Shock
State associated with inadequate oxygenation, nutrient delivery. (Hypoperfusion)
145
Shoulder girdle
Made of clavicle, scapula and humerus
146
Skeletal muscle
Striated or voluntary muscle that connects to bone and usually crosses a joint.
