Chap 6 Flashcards
(73 cards)
Most active and inactive pharmaceutical
ingredients occur in
solid state
a dosage form composed of a solid or mixture of solids reduced to a FINELY DIVIDED STATE and intended for internal or external use.
POWDER
prepared agglomerates of powdered materials, may be used per se for the
medicinal value of their content, or they may be
used for pharmaceutical purposes, as in making
tablets.
GRANULES
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- PARTICLE SIZE
- PARTICLE SHAPE
- PARTICLE DENSITY
- ADHERING/REPELLING PROPERTIES
5.ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE
static electricity tends to hamper blending and needs to be addressed
ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE
the higher density, the
higher tendency to sink
PARTICLE DENSITY
Spherical are easier to mix
PARTICLE SHAPE
PARTICLE SIZE
“uniform size”
the faster they are individually diluted with an inert substance in the formulation, the easier it is to blend them.
ADHERING/REPELLING PROPERTIES
Particles are passed by mechanical shaking
through a series of sieves
SIEVING
Sample particles are size through the use of calibrated grid background or other measuring devices
MICROSCOPY
Measuring the terminal settling velocity of
particles through a liquid medium gravitational or centrifugal environment.
SEDIMENTATION RATE
Determined by the reduction in light
reaching the sensor as particles are
dispersed in a liquid or gas passes through the sensing zone
LIGHT ENERGY DIFFRACTION/
LIGHT SCATTERING
Pulsed laser is fired through an aerosolized particle spray and is photographed in 3D with a holographic camera allowing the particles to be image and sized.
LASER HOLOGRAPHY
Based on the principle that a particle driven by an air stream will hit the surface in its path.
CASCADE IMPACTION
Made of wire cloth woven from brass,
bronze, or other suitable wire. They are not coated or plated.
Sieve
All particles pass through a no. 8 sieve, and not more than 20% pass through a no. 60 sieve.
VERY COARSE (NO. 8)
All particles pass through a no. 20 sieve, and not more than 40% pass through a no. 60 sieve.
COARSE (NO. 20)
All particles pass through a no. 40 sieve, and not more than 40% pass through a no. 80 sieve.
MODERATELY COARSE (NO. 40)
All particles pass through a no. 60 sieve, and not more than 40% pass through a no. 100 sieve.
FINE (NO. 60)
All particles pass through a no. 80 sieve. There is no limit to greater fineness.
VERY FINE (NO. 80)
Granules typically fall within the range of
4- TO 12-SIEVE SIZE
although granulations of powders prepared in the _______________range are
sometimes used in tablet making
12-to 20-sieve
Intended to dissolve; drug micronization can increase the rate of drug dissolution and its bioavailability
DISSOLUTION RATE OF PARTICLES
