Chap 6

Question 1

What enzyme digests lipids?

Answer 1

Lipase

Question 2

What are the two products of lipid digestion?

Answer 2

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 3

What are the products of the hydrolysis of proteins?

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

What is the pH of gastric juices? What enzyme is secreted in the stomach, and what does it digest?

Answer 4

1-3, pepsin, proteins

Question 5

What does the graph of substrate concentration (x-axis) and reaction rate (y-axis) of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction look like? Explain what is happening as substrate concentration increases

Question 6

In a metabolic pathway, what happens to the amount of products formed when you initially add more reactant? Does it remain constant, fluctuate, decrease or increase?

Question 7

Explain the difference between the action of a competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor.

Question 8

Where are lipids digested?

Answer 8

small intestine

Question 9

What is the function of bile? Where is it made? Where in the digestive tract does it help in digestion?

Answer 9

produced in the liver bile is

Question 10

Carbs are stored in the human body as what?

Question 11

Amino acids from protein digestion are absorbed primarily from the?

Question 12

What indicator detects sugar? What colour does it turn?

Question 13

What indicator detects proteins? What colour does it turn?

Question 14

What indicator detects starch? What colour does it turn?

Question 15

What tests detect lipids? What are their indications for a positive?

Question 16

List the digestive organs in order from mouth to anus

Question 17

What are the functions of each organ?

Question 18

What 2 substances play a role in lipid digestion?

Question 19

What do the following enzymes digest, where are they produced and where do they function:
lipases, salivary amylases, pancreatic amylases, carbohydrases (sucrase, maltase, lactase)
pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin,

Question 20

What pH do pepsinogen and pancreatin (a synthetic replacement used medically for people
who are lacking pancreatic enzymes) need for optimum functioning? What do we mean by an alkaline environment? An acidic environment?

Question 21

How is pepsinogen converted to pepsin? Does it need an alkaline environment or an acidic
one? How do we get an acidic environment in the stomach?

Question 22

How do we get an alkaline (basic) environment in the small intestine? What is the pH of the
small intestine?

Answer 22

HCl, about 1-3

Question 23

The pancreatic enzymes digest______________, ________________, and _________________.

Question 24

During digestion the macromolecules that we ingest are converted into their subunits. What are subunits that makeup carbohydrates: __________________________, proteins ___________________,lipids _________________ and __________________.

Answer 24

monosaccharides, amino acids, 3 fatty acids and a glycerol

Question 25

Glycogen (the storage form of carbohydrates in animals) is made of_______________molecules.

Answer 25

thousands

Question 26

Where is trypsin made?

Answer 26

pancreas

Question 27

Which digestive organ helps maintain the body’s water balance?

Answer 27

Large intestine

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE: Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine but alcohol and aspirin are absorbed in the stomach.

Answer 28

true

Question 29

In fat (lipid) digestion, bile is produced in the_________________ is used to_____________________ fats. Lipases which then hydrolyze fats to their subunits fatty acids and glycerol are primarily produced in the____________________.

Answer 29

liver, emulsify, pancreas

Question 30

What is hydrolysis? What is dehydration synthesis? Why are these important to understanding digestion?

Answer 30

hydrolysis is when water is added to separate a disaccharide. Dehydration synthesis is when water is taken out of two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide. To properly absorb the nutrients.

Question 31

Why is alcohol absorbed into the bloodstream so much faster than nutrients from food?

Answer 31

Because it is absorbed in the stomach not the small intestine.

Question 32

Describe the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

Question 33

Why would gallbladder attacks usually follow a large or fatty meal? Describe 2 processes involved in the digestion of lipids (bile action and lipase action).

Question 34

Describe 2 digestive illnesses. For each illness discuss (a)the organ affected (b) the normal function of that organ (c) cause(s) of the illness (d) symptoms (e) treatment(s)

Answer 34

celiac, cirrhosis, Crohn's, gallstones, ulcers etc.