chapitre 1 Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is the central role of money in society?
Money is central to all transactions, including purchases, credit operations, stock transactions, and salary payments.
How is money defined in economics?
Money is not a consumer good nor an investment; it is a unique object with specific nature and relationships that economic agents have with it.
What are the four main forms of monetary support?
- Commodity money 2. Metallic money 3. Paper money 4. Scriptural money
What is commodity money?
Commodity money consists of goods that have intrinsic value and were historically used as money, such as cacao beans, sugar, and salt.
What are the disadvantages of commodity money?
Commodity money is often bulky, can degrade, and may be perishable.
What is metallic money?
Metallic money is made from materials like gold or silver, which have intrinsic value, and was first used in China around 3000 BC.
What innovation was introduced with metallic money?
The introduction of stamped coins in Turkey around 650 BC indicated the weight and value of the coins.
What is paper money?
Paper money represents a step towards dematerialization, where the face value of the bill is separate from its intrinsic value.
What historical event led to the creation of paper money?
The first paper bills appeared in Sweden in the 17th century as a receipt for gold deposits.
What is the currency principle?
The currency principle asserts that the issuance of banknotes should be limited to the amount of gold reserves.
What is the banking principle?
The banking principle argues for the free issuance of money based on economic needs, allowing banks to issue more notes than they have in reserves.
What is fiduciary money?
Fiduciary money includes coins and bills that have no intrinsic value and rely on trust in the monetary system.
What is scriptural money?
Scriptural money is recorded in bank accounts and represents the majority of money used today, including checks and electronic transfers.
Who creates money in capitalist economies?
Commercial banks create money when they provide loans to the state or non-financial agents.
What is the model of a single bank in monetary creation?
In a single bank model, money is created through loans to businesses or individuals, increasing both the bank’s assets and liabilities.
What happens when an exporter brings foreign currency to a bank?
The bank’s assets increase by the amount of foreign currency, leading to an increase in the total money supply.
What limits the creation of money by banks?
The creation of money is limited by the solvency of borrowers, trust in the created money, and the need for conversion to fiduciary money.
How does the multi-bank model differ from the single bank model?
In a multi-bank model, commercial banks create scriptural money, while fiduciary money is created by the central bank.
What is the risk associated with banks issuing too much money?
If too many customers withdraw their deposits at once, it can lead to bank failures and financial crises.
Qu’est-ce que la liquidité pour les banques commerciales ?
La liquidité est la capacité des banques commerciales à assurer la conversion de leur monnaie en une autre forme de monnaie.
Comment une banque commerciale répond-elle aux retraits de billets ?
Elle doit être capable d’assurer la conversion de sa monnaie scripturale en billets.
Quel est l’impact d’un crédit accordé par une banque à un particulier ?
Lorsqu’une banque accorde un crédit de 100€, un particulier peut transformer une partie de ce crédit en billets, par exemple 30€.
Quel est le bilan en T de la banque après un crédit de 100€ ?
Actif : crédit +100€; Passif : DAV +100€.
Quel est le bilan en T du particulier après avoir retiré 30€ en billets ?
Actif : DAV +100€, DAV -30€, billet +30€; Passif : dette +100€.
