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Sciences sec2 > Chapitre 4 > Flashcards

Chapitre 4 Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

True or False: Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins.

A

True

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3
Q

What structure carries genetic information in cells?

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is called ______.

A

Osmosis

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5
Q

What are the two main types of cell transport?

A

Active transport and passive transport

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6
Q

True or False: Diffusion requires energy input.

A

False

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7
Q

What are ‘intrants’ in cellular processes?

A

Substances that enter the cell

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8
Q

What are ‘extrants’ in cellular processes?

A

Substances that exit the cell

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9
Q

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

A

To convert glucose into energy (ATP)

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10
Q

Name the two stages of cellular respiration.

A

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

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11
Q

What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll

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12
Q

True or False: Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria.

A

False

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13
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose and oxygen

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The equation for photosynthesis can be summarized as ______ + ______ → ______ + ______.

A

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

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15
Q

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

A

ATP provides energy for cellular activities.

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16
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following processes does NOT require energy? a) Osmosis b) Active transport c) Photosynthesis

A

a) Osmosis

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17
Q

What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplast

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18
Q

True or False: Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins.

A

True

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19
Q

What is the main function of ribosomes?

A

To synthesize proteins

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The semi-permeable membrane allows ______ substances to pass while restricting others.

A

Some

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21
Q

What is a genome?

A

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

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22
Q

True or False: Cells can only perform respiration in the presence of oxygen.

A

False

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23
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Respiration that occurs without oxygen.

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24
Q

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus; eukaryotic cells do.

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25
Fill in the blank: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called ______.
Diffusion
26
What are the two main types of chromosomes?
Autosomes and sex chromosomes
27
True or False: All cells can perform photosynthesis.
False
28
What is the primary energy currency of the cell?
ATP
29
What is the role of the cell membrane?
To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits.
30
Multiple choice: Which process occurs in the chloroplast? a) Cellular respiration b) Photosynthesis c) Both
b) Photosynthesis
31
What is the significance of the cell cycle?
It regulates cell division and growth.
32
Fill in the blank: The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for division is called ______.
Interphase
33
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
To store genetic material and control cell activities.
34
True or False: All living organisms perform cellular respiration.
True
35
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP
36
What is the purpose of cellular transport mechanisms?
To maintain homeostasis by regulating the movement of substances.
37
Fill in the blank: The liquid part of the cell, where organelles are suspended, is called ______.
Cytoplasm
38
What is the role of enzymes in cellular processes?
To catalyze biochemical reactions.
39
What type of cell division results in two identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
40
True or False: Photosynthesis occurs only in plants.
False
41
What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
It acts as a reactant and is split to release oxygen.
42
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
43
True or False: Osmosis only involves the movement of solutes.
False
44
Fill in the blank: In osmosis, water moves towards the area of ______ concentration.
higher solute
45
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
46
What are intrants in cellular processes?
Intrants are substances that enter a cell, such as nutrients and water.
47
What are extrants in cellular processes?
Extrants are substances that exit a cell, including waste products.
48
What is the role of genes in cells?
Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins and regulating cellular functions.
49
Where are chromosomes located in eukaryotic cells?
Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
50
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA is a double helix composed of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
51
True or False: Photosynthesis occurs in animal cells.
False
52
What is the main purpose of respiration in cells?
The main purpose of respiration is to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and release waste products.
53
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
The two main stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.
54
Fill in the blank: The primary pigment involved in photosynthesis is ______.
chlorophyll
55
What gas is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
56
What is ATP?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency of the cell, used to store and transfer energy.
57
True or False: Cellular respiration can occur without oxygen.
True
58
What is glycolysis?
Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.
59
What is the function of ribosomes in cells?
Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA.
60
What role do mitochondria play in cells?
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, where ATP is produced during cellular respiration.
61
Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen is known as ______.
fermentation
62
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.
63
What is a chromosome made up of?
A chromosome is made up of DNA and proteins.
64
What is the significance of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
65
True or False: All cells undergo photosynthesis.
False
66
What is the process of transcription?
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
67
What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?
Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of mRNA.
68
Fill in the blank: The end products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and ______.
ATP
69
What is the main function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
70
What are the inputs of photosynthesis?
The inputs of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
71
What is the Calvin cycle?
The Calvin cycle is the set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis, converting carbon dioxide into glucose.
72
True or False: Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
True
73
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material and controls its activities.
74
What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?
The cell wall provides structural support and protection to plant cells.
75
What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is the process of generating energy without the use of oxygen.
76
Fill in the blank: The primary source of energy for photosynthesis is ______.
sunlight
77
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
The main purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP from glucose.
78
What is the role of the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
79
True or False: All living organisms perform cellular respiration.
True
80
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
The three main stages are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Sciences sec2 (4 decks)

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