chapt 2

Question 1

when did singapores role as a trading centre diminish?

Answer 1

singapores role as a trading centre had diminished by the end of the 17th century

Question 2

which ports did the dutch control at the start of the 19th century?

Answer 2

melaka and batavia

Question 3

the johore-riau sultanate was under the influence of who?

Answer 3

the dutch

Question 4

what did the british spend the 17th century doing?

Answer 4

establishing the british east india company

Question 5

what did the dutch focus on in the 17th century?

Answer 5

the dutch focused on java

Question 6

how many ports did the british have in southeast asia? what were they?

Answer 6

2, penang and bencoolen

Question 7

what trade route were the british interested in?

Answer 7

the india-china trade route

Question 8

why were they interested in the india-china trade route?

Answer 8

it was the main source of the eic’s income

Question 9

what was exported to china?

Answer 9

wool from britain, and cotton and opium from india

Question 10

what was imported from china?

Answer 10

tea, silk and porcelain which were high in demand in britain

Question 11

what did the british need to control to protect the india-china trade route?

Answer 11

the straits of melaka and the waters surrounding singapore which linked the indian ocean to the south china sea

Question 12

why were the british interested in spice trade?

Answer 12

there was a flourishing spice trade. spices such as cinnamon, pepper and nutmeg were used.

Question 13

what were spices used for?

Answer 13

cooking, preserving food, medicinal purposes.

Question 14

why did the british need a third port in SEA?

( full answer )

Answer 14

• to break the dutch monopoly over spice trade
• the dutch had control over the trade in cloves, mace and nutmeg
  -shifted main trade routes to the sunda straits, establishing batavia, the key trading port
• dutch controlled both straits of melaka and sunda straits
• british traders were confined to trading in bencoolen
• were heavily taxed, reduced profits
  THEY NEEDED TO PROTECT THEIR PROFITS

Question 15

another reason why they need third port

Answer 15

unsuitability of existing british ports> penang and bencoolen
both were unsuitable due to loactions
penang was too far north to allow the britisg ti control the straits of melaka or protect british ships
bencoolen was unsuitable as it was located on the western side of sumatra thus it could not protect or control the main india-china trade route

Question 16

why did the british select singapore

Answer 16

there was no dutch, british did not want to anger the dutch, dutch had lodged official protests against raffles,orang luat informed raffles that singapore was unoccuied.

Question 17

another reason why british select singapore

Answer 17

natural sheltered harbour, singapore was a safe port, singapore was protected from strong winds and storms, this reduced the damage to the ships and port. this is important as singapore was located in a location that experiences strong monsoon every year

Question 18

another reason ^^ why sg selected

Answer 18

singapore has a good supply of fresh drinking water, replenishment of supplies such as food and water is one of the major reasons ships stop at a port. singapore had good supply of drinking water due to a spring near fort canning

Question 19

last reason why sg selected

Answer 19

singapore had an excellent location, located at the southern tip of the straits pf melaka, halfway point on the india-china trade route, could exert some control over the straits of melaka so more ships come

Question 20

how raffles set up trading settlement in sg? ( problem )

Answer 20

• the temenggong wanted to give permission
• he was not allowed to do so
• because the only person allowed was the sultan
• singapore was part of the johore-riau sultunate and the sultan tengku abdul rahman was under the dutch control

Question 21

how did this problem solve?

Answer 21

• rightful sultan was tengku hussein
• raffles recognised tengku hussein as the rightful sultan
• he signed a treaty with the british on 6 feb 1819
• the british claimed that tenku hussein is the new sultan
• tengku hussein and the temenggong receive protection and yearly allowance from the est india company
• 7 feb 1819, raffles went to bencoolen and left william farquhar as the first resident of singapore

Question 22

reactions of the dutch and british

Answer 22

dutch - displeased, protested that singapore was under the dutch influence of the johore-riau sultanate
british- displeased with raffles, threatened their relations with the dutch
-british still wanted singapore

Question 23

what were the terms of the anglo dutch treaty signed in 1824?

Answer 23

malay peninsula and singapore came within the british sphere of influence
the dutch east indes was placed under the dutch
the dutch gave melaka to britain for bencoolen

Question 24

whats a major william farquhar

Answer 24

hes the first resident of singapore
he set up defences
he made singapore a free port
he sold licenses for gamblinga nd the sale of opium and liquor

Question 25

where were defence positions set up

Answer 25

singapore river and government hill

Question 26

what is a dr john crawfurd

Answer 26

second resident of singapore

Question 27

the treaty of friendship and alliance 1824

Answer 27

on 2 august 1924 crawfurd signed the treaty of friendship and alliance with sultan hussein and the temenggong whih handed over singapore to the eic.