Chapt. 4/5 Water Quality, Water Shed, and Ground Water

Question 1

Groundwater is how much of our drinking water in the US?

Answer 1

1/3rd

Question 2

Ground surface is divided into three zones…..

Answer 2

unsaturated zone
zone of saturation
water table

Question 3

The capallary fringe is the?

Answer 3

Header or water table top

Question 4

Vadose water is?

Answer 4

water trapped between the soil after gravitational water subsides

Question 5

An artesian well is?

Answer 5

a well which is tapped into the confined aquifer and it could have pressure behind it

Question 6

CERCLA stands for?

Answer 6

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act 1980
Tax on industry
Fund used to clean up past contaminations

Question 7

RCRA stands for?

Answer 7

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 1980/1984

Prevent future contaminations

Question 8

Porosity is?

Answer 8

The pore space soil has in it. Can be high porosity and be low permeability.

Question 9

Permeability is?

Answer 9

The ability for water to move through soil

Question 10

What is the porosity and permeability of these soil types?
Clay
Crystaline Ignious Rock
Quartz sandstone
Glacial till

Answer 10

Clay: High porosity Low permability
Crystaline Ignious Rock: Low porosity Low permability
Quartz sandstone: High porosity High permability
Glacial till: Low porosity Low permability

Question 11

Diffusion means?

Answer 11

To spread out through surface

Question 12

Dispersion mean?

Answer 12

Distrubution of a wide area

Question 13

Retardation means?

Answer 13

slowness of chemical or pollutent through system

Question 14

100 year storm means it happens how often?

Answer 14

1/100 chance it can happen every year on average happens once in every 100 years.

Question 15

Whats are the three river types and description?

Answer 15

Ephemeral - only during high rains or flood years
Intermittent - sometimes during run off seasons
Perennial - all year round

Question 16

What are the three most common types of river flow patterns?

Answer 16

Barided
Ox bow
Meander

Question 17

What is a glacier run off lake called?

Answer 17

Cirque

Question 18

Whats is a retreating, dried up lake called?

Answer 18

Pluvial

Question 19

What is glacier indent made lakes called?

Answer 19

kettle

Question 20

What time of year do lake mixing happen?

Answer 20

Autumn and spring because

in summer warm water is on top and cold is on bottom and winter cold water is on top and warm water is on bottom.

Question 21

Larger amount of development, water tends to have higher?

Answer 21

High runoff

Higher infilteration

Question 22

Q=ciA which means and is used for?

Answer 22

Q= peak flow
c = run off coefficent
i = intensity of rainfall
A = area of watershed
Predicting overflow and flooding events

Question 23

What surface areas have the greatest runoff?

Answer 23

Asphalt 95%
Concret 95%
Roofs 100%

Question 24

Can you develope in a 100 year flood way?

Answer 24

No but you can develope in a 100 year flood plain because of the less chance to hit the area.

Question 25

What are some of the problems we have with groundwater?

Answer 25

High mineral content H2S, Fe, Mn High hardness Calcium, Limestone No disolved oxygen

Question 26

What is Darcys Law?

Answer 26

``` Q = Kf x h/L x A Flow = Hydrallic Conductivity x height of water between two points/distance between points x area ```

Question 27

Volocity equation is?

Answer 27

``` V = d/t Volocity = distance/ time ```

Question 28

Actual porosity is figured out by what equation?

Answer 28

V1= (Kf x h/l)/N | Actual porsity = (hydrallic conductivity x height between to wells head/distance between two wells)/ porosity of soil

Question 29

What are the three major energy sources in the US?

Answer 29

Petroleum 37% Natural Gas 35% Coal 21%

Question 30

How much water is lost through leaking pipes in the US?

Answer 30

7 billion gallons