Chapter 04 - Principles of Fluid Balance Flashcards
acid
Any molecule that gives up a hydrogen ion; often referred to as H+.
anion
Ions that contain an overall negative charge.
base
Any molecule that can accept a hydrogen ion; often referred to as OH+.
buffer
A substance or group of substances that controls the hydrogen levels in a solution.
cations
Ions that contain an overall positive charge.
crystalloid solutions
Solutions of dissolved crystals (for example, salts or sugars) in water; contain compounds that quickly dissociate in solution.
D5W
5% dextrose in water.
dehydration
Depletion of the body’s systemic fluid volume.
disassociate
The loss of a hydrogen atom in the presence of water; acids are classified as either strong or weak, depending on how completely they disassociate in water.
electrons
Particles that carry a negative charge.
erythrocytes
Red blood cells.
formed elements
The solid components of blood found in plasma; the category included red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
homeostasis
A tendency to constancy or stability in the body’s internal environment.
hyperventilation
A lowering of blood carbon dioxide levels, usually through rapid or deep breathing.
hypoxic drive
A “backup system” to control respiration.
lactated Ringers (LR) solution
A sterile isotonic crystalloid IV solution of specified amounts of calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride and sodium lactate in water.
metabolic acidosis
A condition in which that body has accumulated too much acid.
metabolic alkalosis
A condition in which the body has accumulated too much of an alkaline substance.
nonformed elements
The sticky, liquid portion of the blood; plasma.
osmolarity
The ability to influence the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
overhydration
An increase in the body’s systemic fluid volume.
pH
A measure of the acidity of a solution.
protons
Particles that carry a positive charge.
Rh factor
An additional surface marker on the blood cell; the Rh factor of a persons blood can have grave consequences if incompatible factors are genetically combined.
