Chapter 07: The Road To Revolution (1763-1775) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 07: The Road To Revolution (1763-1775) Deck (26)
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1
Q

Republicanism

A
  • Derived from Greek and Romans republics.
  • Meant a just society was one in which all citizens subordinated their private, selfish interest to the common good.
  • Stability of the society was then dependant on the virtue of its citizens
  • it was opposed to hierarchical and authoritarian institutions such as a monarchy
2
Q

Radical Whigs

A
  • The second idea that shaped American political thought derived from British political commentators.
  • The Whigs feared that the liberty of the people was threatened by the whim of the monarch.
3
Q

Mercantilism

A
  • British authorities supported this theory that justified their control over the colonies.
  • Mercantilists believed that wealth was power and that a country’s economic wealth was measured by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury.
  • They wanted to possess colonies to supply the mother country with raw materials and provide a market for exports.
4
Q

Navigation Law

A
  • Between the late 1600s and the early 1700s, the British passed a series of laws to put pressure on the colonists (mostly tax laws).
  • These laws are known as the Navigation Acts. Example: 1651- All goods must be shipped in colonial or English ships, and all imports to colonies must be on colonial or English ships or the ships of the producer.
  • 1660: incorporation of the law of 1651.
  • it also enumerated articles, such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton can only be exported to England from the colonies.
  • 1663: a.k.a. the staple act of 1663- all imports to the colonies must go through England.
5
Q

Sugar Act

A
  • 1764
  • The first law passed by Parliament that raised tax revenues in the colonies for the crown.
  • It increased duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.
6
Q

Quartering Act

A
  • 1765
  • The measure required that certain colonies provide food and quarters to the British troops.
  • Passed by George Grenville, to ensure that soldiers, if needed, are cared for and quartered in the colonist’s homes.
  • This angered colonists.
7
Q

Stamp Act

A
  • In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act, requiring the colonists to pay for a stamp to go on many of the documents essential to their lives.
  • These documents included deeds, mortgages, liquor licenses, playing cards, and almanacs.
  • The colonists heartily objected to this direct tax and in protest petitioned the king, formed the Stamp Act Congress, and boycotted English imports.
  • In 1766 Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, a major victory for colonists.
8
Q

Nonimportation Agreements

A

Pledges to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad

9
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A
  • met in New York City with twenty-seven delegates from nine colonies in 1765
  • had little effect at the time but broke barriers and helped toward colonial unity
  • the act caused an uprising because there was no one to sell the stamps and the British did not understand why the Americans could not pay for their own defense
  • the act was repealed in 1766.
10
Q

Nonimportation Agreements

A
  • Pledges to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad
11
Q

George Greenville

A
  • the British Prime Minister from 1763-1765
  • To obtain funds for Britain after the costly 7-Years War
  • in 1763 he ordered the Navy to enforce the unpopular Navigation Laws
  • in 1764 he got Parliament to pass the Sugar Act, which increased duties on sugar imported from the West Indies.
  • in 1765, brought about the Quartering Act, which forced colonists to provide food and shelter to British soldiers, who many colonists believed were only present to keep the colonists in line.
12
Q

Daughter of Liberty

A
  • This organization supported the boycott of British goods.
  • They urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produce other goods that were previously available only from Britain.
  • They believed that way, the American colonies would become economically independent.
13
Q

Declaratory Act

A
  • In 1766, the English Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and at the same time signed the Declaratory Act.
  • This document stated that Parliament had the right “to bind” the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”
  • It is important in history because it stopped the violence and rebellions against the tax on stamps.
  • Also, it restarted trade with England, which had temporarily stopped as a defiant reaction to the Stamp Act.
14
Q

Townshend Act

A
  • In 1767 “Champagne Charley” Townshend persuaded Parliament to pass the acts.
  • These acts put a light import duty on such things as glass, lead, paper, and tea.
  • The acts met slight protest from the colonists, who found ways around the taxes such as buying smuggled tea.
  • Due to its minute profits, the Townshend Acts were repealed in 1770, except for the tax on tea.
  • The tax on tea was kept to keep alive the principle of Parliamentary taxation.
15
Q

Boston Massacre

A
  • The Americans didn’t like British occupation of Boston, they tried to resist them.
  • The journal of times used propaganda to make the British Soldiers look worse than they were.
  • One day kids started throwing rocks at a customs agents house and the customs agent shot a gun loaded with bird shot and accidentally killed a young boy.
  • Sam Adams elaborated the story in his Journal of the Times and made it seem much worse.
  • Everyone took the little boys death out on the British Army even though it wasn’t their fault.
  • The tension between colonists and the soldiers got heavy.
  • A bunch of drunk colonists went to a garrison and started harassing and throwing things at a dozen soldiers.
  • About a thousand colonists gathered around.
  • The commander tells the soldiers not to fire but one soldier gets hit with a piece of ice and for some reason, he fires and then all the soldiers start firing, in the end, 11 Americans were hit and 5 were killed.
  • But Sam Adams elaborated the story ALOT.
16
Q

Committees of Correspondence

A
  • Samuel Adams started the first committee in Boston in 1772 to spread propaganda and secret information by way of letters.
  • They were used to sustain opposition to British policy.
  • The committees were extremely effective and a few years later almost every colony had one.
  • This is another example of the colonies breaking away from Europe to become Americans.
17
Q

Boston Tea Party

A
  • On December 16, 1773, a band of Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea.
18
Q

Intolerable Acts

A
  • The Acts passed in 1774, following the Boston Tea Party
  • were considered unfair because they were designed to chastise Boston in particular, yet affected all the colonies by the Boston Port Act
  • closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid.
19
Q

Quebec Act

A
  • After the French and Indian War, the English had claimed the Quebec Region, a French speaking colony.
  • Because of the cultural difference, English had a dilemma on what to do with the region.
  • The Quebec Act, passed in 1774, allow the French Colonist to go back freely to their own customs.
  • The colonists have the right to have access to the Catholic religion freely.
  • Also, it extended to Quebec Region north and south into the Ohio River Valley.
  • This act created more tension between the colonists and the British which lead to the American Revolution.
20
Q

First Continental Congress

A
  • a convention and a consultative body that met for seven weeks, from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in Philadelphia
  • it was the American’s response to the Intolerable Acts
  • considered ways of redressing colonial grievances
  • all colonies except Georgia sent 55 distinguished men in all
  • John Adams persuaded his colleagues toward revolution
  • they wrote a Declaration of Rights and appeals to British American colonies, the king, and British people
  • created the Association which called for a complete boycott of English goods
  • the Association was the closest thing to a written constitution
21
Q

The Association

A
  • 1775
  • Non-importation agreement crafted during the 1st Continental Congress calling for the complete boycott of British goods.
22
Q

Battle of Lexington and Concord

A
  • Revolution began at the battle of Lexington and Concord. Governor Gage finds out about the American’s Garrison’s and he sends his troops to Lexington to take all of the American’s weapons.
  • The Americans find out that the British found out about their weapons and are going to them.
  • Paul Revere and William Dawes inform everyone and they march to Lexington.
  • On their way 70 militiamen encountered a group of British Soldiers and fired at them to try and slow them down.
  • 8 Americans were killed and 1 British Soldier was wounded.
  • But they were slowed down enough that the Americans got to their Garrison before the British did.
  • Overall more Americans were killed than British Soldiers.
  • Soldiers did not try to camouflage themselves, they fought during the day and slept and night and then resumed in the morning.
  • This battle showed Britain that the Americans were willing to fight bigger battles.
23
Q

Valley Forge

A
  • Place where Washington’s army spent the winter of 1777-1778
  • a 4th of the troops died here from disease and malnutrition
  • Steuben comes and trains troops
24
Q

Charles Townshend

“Champagne Charley”

A
  • in control of the British ministry and was nicknamed “Champagne Charley” for his brilliant speeches in Parliament while drunk.
  • He persuaded Parliament in 1767 to pass the Townshend Acts.
  • These new regulations was a light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, and tea.
  • It was a tax that the colonists were greatly against and was a near start for rebellions to take place.
25
Q

Thomas Hutchinson

A

Governor of Boston

- ordered cargo of tea to be unloaded in Boston despite colonial objection

26
Q

Lord Dunmore

A
  • Royal governor of Virginia

- issued a proclamation promising freedom for any enslaved black in Virginia who joined the British army