Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the four fundamental tenets of the cell theory?
- All living things are composed of cells.
- The cell is the basic functional unit of life.
- Cells arise only from preexisting cells.
- Cells carry genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This genetic material is passed on from parent to daughter cell.
Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic organisms are always single celled and do not contain a nucleus.
eukaryotic organisms can be unicellular or multicellular and contain a true nucleus enclosed in a membrane.
The _________ allows for the diffusion of molecules throughout the cell. Within the __________, genetic material is encoded in _________ _____, which is organized into ____________. Eukaryotic cells reproduce by _________, allowing for the formation of two identical daughter cells.
Cytosol Nucleus Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Chromosomes Mitosis
Describe the nuclear membrane.
The nucleus membrane or envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and maintains a nuclear environment separate and distinct from the cytoplasm.
_________ _____ in the nuclear membrane allow selective two-way exchange of material between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Nuclear Pores
What are the coding regions of DNA?
Genes
What are histones?
Histones are organizing proteins that linear DNA is wound around. They provide structural support for individual chromosomes.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are linear strands of histones and DNA. Histones provide structural support to chromosomes.
Where is rRNA synthesized?
Nucleolus
The ______ of DNA in the nucleus permits the compartmentalization of DNA transcription separate from RNA translation.
Location
Describe the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondria and their functions.
The mitochondrion contains two layers: the outer and inner membranes. The outer membrane serves as a barrier between the cytosol and the inner environment of the mitochondrion. The inner membrane, which is arranged into numerous inholdings called cristae, contains the molecules and enzymes of the electron transport chain.
What the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane (all structures and organisms) except whats inside the organelles such as what’s inside the nucleus and mitochondrion.
Cytosol is the fluid inside the cell, where everything floats in it. It is part of the cytoplasm and is mostly made up of water. Cytosol allows for the diffusion of molecules throughout the cell.
_________ are the power plants of the cell.
Mitochondria
what are Cristae?
The Cristae are highly convoluted structures that increase the surface area available for electron transport chain enzymes. The inner membrane of the mitochondria is arranged into numerous infolding called cristae.
______ is the space between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria.
Inter-membrane space
