Chapter 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Study of the mind and behavior

Question 2

Observation

Answer 2

collecting and organizing information about the phenomenon

Question 3

Analysis

Question 4

Topics of psychology

Answer 4

thoughts & cognition, visual perception, locomotion, feelings/emotions, personality, motor-control, social activity

Question 5

American Psychological Association (APA)

Answer 5

professional organization representing psychologists in the US

Question 6

behaviorism

Answer 6

focus on observing and controlling behavior

Question 7

biopsychology

Answer 7

study of how biology influences behavior

Question 8

biopsychosocial model

Answer 8

perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individual’s health

Question 9

clinical psychology

Answer 9

area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior

Question 10

cognitive psychology

Answer 10

study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions

Question 11

counseling psychology

Answer 11

area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals

Question 12

developmental psychology

Answer 12

scientific study of development across a lifespan

Question 13

dissertation

Answer 13

long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate’s doctoral training

Question 14

empirical method

Answer 14

method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities

Question 15

forensic psychology

Answer 15

area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system

Question 16

functionalism

Answer 16

focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment

Question 17

humanism

Answer 17

perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

Question 18

introspection

Answer 18

process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts

Question 19

ology

Answer 19

“scientific study of”

Question 20

personality psychology

Answer 20

study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique

Question 21

personality trait

Answer 21

consistent pattern of thought and behavior

Question 22

PhD (doctor of philosophy)

Answer 22

doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives housed in a traditional college of liberal arts and sciences

Question 23

postdoctoral training program

Answer 23

allows young scientists to further develop their research programs and broaden their research skills under the supervision of other professionals in the field

Question 24

psychoanalytic theory

Answer 24

focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior

Question 25

PsyD (doctor of psychology)

Answer 25

doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research-oriented skills and focuses more on application of psychological principles in the clinical context

Question 26

sport and exercise psychology

Answer 26

area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities

Question 27

structuralism (Wundt)

Answer 27

understanding the conscious experience through introspection