chapter 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

physical structures, identification of the body part

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

the function, how the parts of the body work

Question 3

cytology

Answer 3

branch of biology concerned with structure and function of plant/animal cells

Question 4

histology

Answer 4

study of the microscopic structure of tissues

Question 5

histopathology

Answer 5

the study of changes in tissues caused by disease

Question 6

comparative anatomy

Answer 6

study of similarities/differences in the anatomy of different species

Question 7

neurophysiology

Answer 7

the physiology of the nervous system

Question 8

endocrinology

Answer 8

branch of physiology and medicine concerned with endocrine glands and hormones

Question 9

gastroenterology

Answer 9

deals with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and related organs

Question 10

inductive method

Answer 10

draw conclusions by doing observations a high number of times (anatomy)

Question 11

hypothetico deductive method

Answer 11

doing an experiment (physiology)

Question 12

independent variable

Answer 12

changed on purpose

Question 13

dependent variable

Answer 13

measured or changes because of the independent variable

Question 14

higher sample size

Answer 14

increases outcome confidence

Question 15

placebo effect/psychosomatic effects

Answer 15

not telling people which group they are in and not telling the experimenter which is which

Question 16

theory

Answer 16

explains why (larger body of knowledge)

Question 17

law

Answer 17

tells you what happens or what will happen

Question 18

evolution

Answer 18

change in the genetic composition of a population

Question 19

mutation

Answer 19

change in a gene (can be good, bad, or neutral)

Question 20

selective pressures

Answer 20

result in adaptations that promote survival and reproduction

Question 21

chemical level

Answer 21

atoms combine to form molecules and organic macromolecules

Question 22

cellular level

Answer 22

molecules combine to form cells

Question 23

tissue level

Answer 23

cells combine to form tissues (4 types in animals)

Question 24

organ level

Answer 24

tissues combine to form organs

Question 25

“run mrs. lidec”

Answer 25

respiratory, urinary, nervous, muscular, reproductive, skeletal, lymphatic, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, and circulatory

Question 26

positive feedback

Answer 26

reactions get stronger (amplification)

Question 27

negative feedback

Answer 27

keeping at homeostasis (stabilization)

Question 28

sagittal

Answer 28

left and right side

Question 29

midsagittal

Answer 29

equal left and right side

Question 30

parasagittal

Answer 30

unequal left and right side

Question 31

transverse

Answer 31

top and a bottom half

Question 32

coronal/frontal

Answer 32

front and a back cut (anterior and posterior)

Question 33

oblique

Answer 33

cut at an angle

Question 34

hippocrates (greek)

Answer 34

father of medicine, urged physicians to stop attributing disease to the activities of gods and demons and to seek natural causes

Question 35

aristotle

Answer 35

first to write about anatomy and physiology and believe diseases and other natural events could have either supernatural causes (theologi) or natural ones (physici or physiologi)

Question 36

on the parts of animals

Answer 36

aristotle

Question 37

claudius galen (roman)

Answer 37

wrote the most influential textbook and performed cadaver dissection of pigs, monkeys, and other animals

Question 38

maimonides (jewish)

Answer 38

served his life as physician to the court of the sultan, saladin, and wrote 10 influential medical books

Question 39

avicenna (muslim)

Answer 39

wrote the canon of medicine

Question 40

andreas vesalius

Answer 40

taught anatomy through cadaver lessons and wrote on the structure of the human body (published the first atlas of anatomy)

Question 41

william harvey

Answer 41

studied blood circulation and published on the motion of the heart

Question 42

michael servetus

Answer 42

along with william harvey found that blood must circulate continuously around the body

Question 43

robert hooke

Answer 43

designed scientific instruments of various kinds, including the compound microscope

Question 44

antony van leeuwenhoek (dutch)

Answer 44

invented a simple microscope, originally for the purpose of examining the weave of fabrics (textile merchant)

Question 45

matthias schleiden and theodor schwann

Answer 45

concluded that all organisms were composed of cells (first tenet of the cell theory)

Question 46

francis bacon and rené descartes

Answer 46

envisioned science as a far greater, systematic enterprise with enormous possibilities for human health and welfare

Question 47

hypo-

Answer 47

below

Question 48

epi-

Answer 48

above

Question 49

receptor

Answer 49

structure that senses change in the body

Question 50

baroreceptor

Answer 50

detect pressure

Question 51

nociceptor

Answer 51

detects pain

Question 52

effector

Answer 52

cell or organ that carries out the final constructive action

Question 53

integrating (control) center

Answer 53

mechanism that processes the information, relates it to other available information, and makes a decision

Question 54

anatomical terms

Answer 54

noun before adjective

Question 55

physiological gradient

Answer 55

difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and another