Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Developmental Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

lifespan human development

A

an approach to studying human development that examines ways in which individuals grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception to death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

physical development

A

body maturation, including body size, proportion, appearance, health, and perceptual abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cognitive development

A

maturation of mental processes and tools individuals use to obtain knowledge, think, and solve problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

socioemotional development

A

maturation of social and emotional functioning, which includes changes in personality, emotions, personal perceptions, social skills, and interpersonal relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

plasticity

A

a characteristic of development that refers to malleability, or openness to change in response to experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

resilience

A

the ability to adapt to serious adversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

context

A

unique conditions in which a person develops, including aspects of the physical and social environment such as family, neighborhood, culture, and historical time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cohort

A

a generation of people born at the same time, influenced by the same historical and cultural conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

culture

A

a set of customs, knowledge, attitudes, and values shared by a group of people and learned through interactions with group members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

continuous development

A

the view that development consists of gradual cumulative changes in existing skills and capacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

discontinuous development

A

the view that growth entails abrupt transformations in abilities and capacities in which new ways of interacting with the world emerge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nature-nurture issue

A

a debate within the field of human development regarding whether development is caused by nature (genetics or heredity) or nurture (physical and social environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

theory

A

an organized set of observations to describe, explain, and predict a phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hypothesis

A

a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

a perspective introduced by Freud that development and behavior is stage-like and influenced by inner drives, memories, and conflicts of which an individual is unaware and cannot control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

behaviorism

A

a theoretical approach that studies how observable behavior is controlled by the physical and social environment through conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

classical conditioning

A

a form of learning in which an environmental stimulus becomes associated with stimuli that elicit reflex responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

operant conditioning

A

a form of learning in which behavior increases or decreases based on environmental consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

reinforcement

A

in operant conditioning, the process by which a behavior is followed by a desirable outcome increases the likelihood of a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

punishment

A

in operant conditioning, the process in which a behavior is followed by an aversive or unpleasant outcome that decreases the likelihood of a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

social learning theory

Study These Flashcards
A

an approach that emphasizes the role of modeling and observational learning over people’s behavior in addition to reinforcement and punishment

22
Q

observational learning

Study These Flashcards
A

learning that occurs by watching and imitating models, as posited by social learning theory

23
Q

reciprocal determinism

Study These Flashcards
A

a perspective positing that individuals and the environment interact and influence each other

24
Q

cognitive-developmental perspective

Study These Flashcards
A

a perspective posited by Piaget that views individuals as active explorers of their world, learning by interacting with the world around them and describes cognitive development as progressing through stages

25
schema
a mental representation, such as concepts, ideas, and ways of interacting with the world
26
information processing theory
a perspective that uses a computer analogy to describe how the mind receives information and manipulates, stores, recalls, and uses it to solve problems
27
sociocultural theory
Vygotsky's perspective that individuals acquire culturally relevant ways of thinking through social interactions with members of their culture
28
bioecological systems theory
a theory introduced by Bronfenbrenner that emphasizes the role of context in development, positing that contexts are organized into a series of systems in which individuals are embedded and that interact with one another and the person to influence development
29
microsystem
in bioecological systems theory, the innermost level of context, which includes an individual's immediate physical and social environment
30
mesosystem
in bioecological systems theory, the relations and interactions among microsystems
31
exosystem
in bioecological systems theory, social settings in which an individual does not participate but has an indirect influence on development
32
macrosystem
in bioecological systems theory, the sociohistorical context - cultural values and laws - in which the microsystem, mesosystem, and the ecosystem are embedded, posing indirect influences on individuals
33
chronosystem
in bioecological systems theory, refers to how the people and contexts change over time
34
ethology
a perspective that emphasizes the evolutionary basis of behavior and its adaptive value in ensuring survival of a species
35
evolutionary developmental theory
a perspective that applies principles of evolution and scientific knowledge about the interactive influence of genetic and environmental mechanisms to understand the adaptive value of developmental changes that are experienced with age
36
scientific method
the process of forming and answering questions using systematic observations and gathering information
37
applied developmental science
a field that studies lifespan interactions between individuals and the contexts in which they live and applies research findings to real-world settings, such as to influence social policy and create interventions
38
open-ended interview
a research method in which a researcher asks a participant questions using a flexible, conversational style and may vary the order of questions, probe, and ask follow-up questions based on the participant's responses
39
structured interview
a research method in which each participant is asked the same set of questions in the same way
40
questionnaire
a research method in which researchers use a survey or set of questions to collect data from large samples of people
41
naturalistic observation
a research method in which a researcher views and records an individual's behavior in natural, real-world settings
42
structured observation
an observational measure in which an individual's behavior is viewed and recorded in a controlled environment - a situation created by the experimenter
43
correlational research
a research design that measures relationships among participants' measured characteristics, behaviors, and development
44
experimental research
a research design that permits inferences about cause and effect by exerting control, systematically manipulating a variable, and studying the effects on measured variables
45
dependent variable
the behavior under study in an experiment; it is expected to be affected by changes in the independent variable
46
independent variable
the factor proposed to change the behavior under study in an experiment; it is systematically manipulated during an experiment
47
random assignment
a method of assigning participants that ensures each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to the experimental group or control group
48
cross-sectional research
a developmental research design that compares people of different ages at a single point in time to infer age differences
49
longitudinal research
a developmental study in which one group of participants is studied repeatedly to infer age changes
50
sequential research design
a developmental design in which multiple groups of participants of different ages are followed over time, combining cross-sectional and longitudinal research
51
informed consent
a participant's informed (knowledge of the scope of the research and potential harm and benefits of participating), rational, and voluntary agreement to participate in a study

Developmental Psychology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions