Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

the study of structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

the study of function

Question 3

Inspection

Answer 3

a way to study anatomy by looking at it

observing gross anatomy vs microscopic anatomy

Question 4

what are the three forms of physical examinations?

Answer 4

-palpation
-auscultation
-percussion

Question 5

what is palpation?

Answer 5

examining the body by feeling with the hands

Question 6

what is auscultation?

Answer 6

examining the body by listening to it

Question 7

what is percussion?

Answer 7

examining the body by tapping on it

Question 8

dissection

Answer 8

way to study cadavers

Question 9

comparative anatomy

Answer 9

comparing anatomy between species

Question 10

medical imaging

Answer 10

used to study the anatomy of a living patient

Question 11

what are the five ways to study anatomy?

Answer 11

1 . inspection
2. physical examinations
3. dissection
4. comparative anatomy
5. medical imaging

Question 12

what is reductionism?

Answer 12

• the “bottom-up” approach to studying the body
• understanding the parts helps you understand the whole body

Question 13

what is holism?

Answer 13

• the “top-down” approach to studying anatomy
• “we are more than just the sum of our parts”

Question 14

what happens when a person has situs inversus?

Answer 14

their organs are on opposite sides of the body than normal

Question 15

what are the three parts of a feedback mechanism?

Answer 15

-receptor (sensory neurons)
-control center (brain/interneurons)
-effector (motor neurons)

Question 16

what are the two major feedback mechanisms?

Answer 16

-Negative feedback
-Positive feedback

Question 17

what is negative feedback?

Answer 17

-the most common feedback mechanism
-used to correct deviation from the set point

Question 18

what is positive feedback?

Answer 18

-the less common feedback mechanism
-deviation from the set point gives rise to further deviation

Question 19

what is dissection?

Answer 19

carefully cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationships

Question 20

what is a cadaver?

Answer 20

a dead human body

Question 21

what is exploratory surgery?

Answer 21

the opening of the body and taking a look inside to see what is wrong and what can be done

Question 22

what is medical imaging?

Answer 22

methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery

Question 23

what is gross anatomy?

Answer 23

when a structure can be seen with the naked eye, either by surface observation, radiology, or dissection

Question 24

what is radiology?

Answer 24

the branch of medicine concerned with imaging

Question 25

what is comparative physiology?

Answer 25

the study of how different species have solved problems of life such as water balance, respiration, and reproduction

Question 26

what is cytology?

Answer 26

the study of the structure and function of individual cells

Question 27

what is ultrastructure?

Answer 27

the fine details revealed by an electron microscope

Question 28

what is an organism?

Answer 28

a single, complete individual

Question 29

what is an organ system?

Answer 29

a group of organs with a unique collective function

Question 30

what is an organ?

Answer 30

a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 31

what is tissue?

Answer 31

a mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function

Question 32

what are organelles?

Answer 32

microscopic structures in a cell that carry out all basic functions of life

Question 33

what is metabolism?

Answer 33

the sum of all internal chemical change

Question 34

What is homeostasis?

Answer 34

when an organism detects and reacts to change and maintains relatively stable internal conditions

Question 35

what is histology?

Answer 35

the study of tissues

Question 36

what is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 36

balanced change

Question 37

what is the set point?

Answer 37

an average value for a given variable

Question 38

what is vasodilation?

Answer 38

the widening of blood vessels

Question 39

what is vasoconstriction?

Answer 39

the narrowing of the blood vessels

Question 40

what is a receptor?

Answer 40

a structure that senses change in the body

Question 41

what is the integrating center?

Answer 41

a mechanism that processes information from receptors, relates it to other available information and makes a decision about an appropriate response

Question 42

what is an effector?

Answer 42

the cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action

Question 43

what is the cell theory?

Answer 43

all structure and function results from the activity of cells

Question 44

what are cells?

Answer 44

the smallest unit of an organism that carry out all of the basic functions of life