Chapter 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

the study of structure and form

Question 2

macroscopic/gross anatomy

Answer 2

large body structures visible to the eye. exs. systemic, regional, surface, comparative, embryology

Question 3

microscopic anatomy

Answer 3

study of structures that requires magnification to be seen. exs. cytology, histology

Question 4

physiology

Answer 4

the study of function
-how organisms perform vital functions and how function is altered.
-focuses mainly on molecular and cellular levels

Question 5

characteristics of living organisms
1. growth and development

Answer 5

increase in size and specialization

Question 6

characteristics of living organisms
2.metabolism

Answer 6

sum of chemical reactions

Question 7

characteristics of living organisms
3. responsiveness

Answer 7

sense and react to stimuli

Question 8

characteristics of living organisms
4. regulation

Answer 8

adjust internal function as the environment changes

Question 9

characteristics of living organisms
5. reproduction

Answer 9

produce new cells for growth, maintenance, repair, production of offspring

Question 10

characteristics of living organisms
6. organization

Answer 10

have complex structure and order

Question 11

characteristics of living organisms
1
2
3
4
5
6

Answer 11

1. growth and development
2. metabolism
3. responsiveness
4. regulation
5. reproduction
6. organization

Question 12

levels of organization
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Answer 12

1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organismal level

Question 13

levels of organization
1.

Answer 13

chemical level

Question 14

atoms

Answer 14

smallest unit of matter exhibiting characteristics of an element

Question 15

molecules

Answer 15

combinations of atoms ex glucose

Question 16

organelles

Answer 16

specialized microscopic subunits in cells. ex. ribosomes make proteins

Question 17

levels of organization
2.

Answer 17

cellular level
-smallest unit of life
- structural building blocks
-produced from pre-existing cells

Question 18

levels of organization
3.

Answer 18

tissue level
-groups of similar cells perform a common function

Question 19

tissue level subtypes (4)

Answer 19

1. epithelial
2. connective
3. muscular
4. nervous

Question 20

tissue level subtypes (4)
1. epithelial

Answer 20

cover and line surfaces

Question 21

tissue level subtypes (4)
2. connective

Answer 21

bind, protect, support

Question 22

tissue level subtypes (4)
3.muscular

Answer 22

produce movement

Question 23

tissue level subtypes (4)
4. nervous

Answer 23

communication

Question 24

levels of organization
4.

Answer 24

organ level
-two or more tissues working together to perform a specific, complex function

Question 25

levels of organization 5.

Answer 25

organ system level -related organs that work together to coordinate activities and function ex. respiratory system

Question 26

levels of organization 6.

Answer 26

organismal level (the person)

Question 27

respiratory system

Answer 27

gas exchange between air in the lungs and blood

Question 28

nervous system

Answer 28

control muscles and some glands, respond to stimuli, consciousness, memory, intelligence

Question 29

muscular system

Answer 29

produce body movements, generate heat

Question 30

reproductive system

Answer 30

produce sex cells and hormones; in females, growth and development of embryo/fetus/newborn

Question 31

lymphatic system

Answer 31

transport and filter lymph, participate in immune response

Question 32

urinary system

Answer 32

filter waste from blood, concentrate and expel waste as urine

Question 33

digestive system

Answer 33

mechanically and chemically break down food, absorb nutrients, expel waste

Question 34

endocrine system

Answer 34

secrete hormones to regulate growth, metabolism, digestion, reproduction, and maintain homeostasis

Question 35

integumentary system

Answer 35

protect, regulate body temperature, vitamin D synthesis, prevent water loss

Question 36

cardiovascular system

Answer 36

move blood through body to distribute hormones/nutrients, and pick up waste

Question 37

skeletal system

Answer 37

support, protect, hemopoiesis, calcium, and phosphorous storage, muscle attachment

Question 38

anatomical postion

Answer 38

-standing upright, feet parallel flat on floor -upper limbs at sides palms forward -head level, eyes forward

Question 39

anterior/ventral

Answer 39

toward the front

Question 40

posterior/dorsal

Answer 40

toward the back

Question 41

superior

Answer 41

above

Question 42

inferior

Answer 42

below

Question 43

medial

Answer 43

toward the midline

Question 44

lateral

Answer 44

away from midline

Question 45

ipsilateral

Answer 45

same side

Question 46

contralateral

Answer 46

opposite side

Question 47

proximal

Answer 47

closer to attachment

Question 48

distal

Answer 48

farther from attachment

Question 49

superficial

Answer 49

near body surface

Question 50

deep

Answer 50

away from body surface

Question 51

sagittal

Answer 51

vertical division between left and right

Question 52

midsagittal

Answer 52

split down midline resulting in equal left and right halves

Question 53

coronal/frontal

Answer 53

vertical division between anterior and posterior

Question 54

transverse/horizontal

Answer 54

horizontal division between superior and inferior

Question 55

cephalic

Answer 55

head

Question 56

frontal (regional anatomy)

Answer 56

forehead

Question 57

orbital

Answer 57

eye

Question 58

buccal

Answer 58

cheek

Question 59

nasal

Answer 59

nose

Question 60

oral

Answer 60

mouth

Question 61

mental

Answer 61

chin

Question 62

thoracic

Answer 62

area between chest and neck

Question 63

axillary

Answer 63

armpit

Question 64

mammary

Answer 64

breast

Question 65

pectoral

Answer 65

chest

Question 66

sternal

Answer 66

sternum

Question 67

coxal

Answer 67

hip

Question 68

inguinal

Answer 68

groin

Question 69

cervical

Answer 69

neck

Question 70

deltoid

Answer 70

shoulder

Question 71

bracial

Answer 71

arm

Question 72

antecubital

Answer 72

front of elbow

Question 73

olecranal

Answer 73

elbow

Question 74

antebrachial

Answer 74

forearm

Question 75

carpal

Answer 75

wrist

Question 76

manus

Answer 76

hand

Question 77

palmar

Answer 77

palm

Question 78

digital

Answer 78

finger

Question 79

femoral

Answer 79

thigh

Question 80

patellar

Answer 80

kneecap

Question 81

popliteal

Answer 81

posterior of knee

Question 82

crural

Answer 82

leg

Question 83

sural

Answer 83

calf

Question 84

calcaneal

Answer 84

heel

Question 85

plantar surface

Answer 85

sole

Question 86

pes

Answer 86

foot

Question 87

tarsal

Answer 87

ankle

Question 88

cranial

Answer 88

surrounding the brain

Question 89

occipital

Answer 89

back of head

Question 90

auricular

Answer 90

ear

Question 91

vertebral

Answer 91

spinal column

Question 92

lumbar

Answer 92

lower back

Question 93

gluteal

Answer 93

butt

Question 94

parts of the axial region (4)

Answer 94

1. cephalic 2. cervical 3. thoracic 4. abdominal

Question 95

parts of the appendicular region (6)

Answer 95

1. brachial 2. antebrachial 3.carpal 4. femoral 5. crural 6. tarsal

Question 96

serous membrane

Answer 96

thin layer of epithelial tissue, looks like 2 layers, is actually one folded back on itself

Question 97

serous membrane, outer layer

Answer 97

parietal layer

Question 98

serous membrane, inner layer

Answer 98

visceral layer

Question 99

serous fluid

Answer 99

fills the cavity between the two layers

Question 100

function of serous fluid

Answer 100

watery, slippery lubricates organs to prevent friction

Question 101

regional anatomy

Answer 101

examines all the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit

Question 102

systemic anatomy

Answer 102

studies the anatomy of each functional body system

Question 103

surface anatomy

Answer 103

focuses on both superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them. ex. you use superficial markings to know where to do CPR

Question 104

physiology focuses on the _______ or _____ level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work

Answer 104

molecular or cellular

Question 105

an increase in body size is _______ and an increased specialization as related to form and function is_______

Answer 105

growth; development

Question 106

true or false: as the human body grows in size, structures such as the brain grow or become more complex

Answer 106

true

Question 107

appendicular region

Answer 107

upper and lower limbs that attach to the axial region

Question 108

the anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is

Answer 108

sacral

Question 109

olecranon

Answer 109

posterior aspect of the elbow

Question 110

pubic

Answer 110

anterior region of the pelvis

Question 111

umbilicus

Answer 111

the central point that is used when the abdomen is divided into four quadrants

Question 112

when a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best described as______

Answer 112

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