Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure of body parts

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of the function of body parts

Question 3

Sign

Answer 3

Objective indicator, can be seen or measured. Ex) fever, BP, coughing

Question 4

Symptom

Answer 4

Subjective indicator, feelings described by the patient. Ex) nausea, pain, fatigue

Question 5

Structural org. Of the body

Answer 5

Chemical level (atoms, molecules, organelles), cellular level (single cell), tissue level (groups of similar cells), organ level (two+ types of tissues), organ system level (organs that work together), organism Al level (all organ systems combined to make the whole organism)

Question 6

Integumentary major organs

Answer 6

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

Question 7

Integumentary major functions

Answer 7

Protect tissues, regulate body temp, support sensory receptors

Question 8

Skeletal system major organs

Answer 8

Bones, ligaments, cartilages

Question 9

Skeletal major functions

Answer 9

Framework, protect soft tissue, attachment for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts

Question 10

Muscular major organs

Answer 10

Muscles

Question 11

Muscular major functions

Answer 11

Causes movements, maintain posture, produce body heat

Question 12

Nervous system major organs

Answer 12

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

Question 13

Nervous system major functions

Answer 13

Detect changes, receive and interpret sensory info, stimulate muscles and glands

Question 14

Endocrine major organs

Answer 14

Glands that secret hormones

Question 15

Endocrine major functions

Answer 15

Control metabolic activities of body structures

Question 16

Cardiovascular major organs

Answer 16

Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins

Question 17

Cardiovascular major functions

Answer 17

Move blood through blood vessels and transport substances through bidy

Question 18

Lymphatic major organs

Answer 18

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

Question 19

Lymphatic major functions

Answer 19

Return tissue through blood vessels and transport substances throughout body

Question 20

Digestive major organs

Answer 20

Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines

Question 21

Digestive major functions

Answer 21

Receive, breakdown, and absorb food, eliminate unabsorbed material

Question 22

Respiratory major organs

Answer 22

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 23

Respiratory major functions

Answer 23

Intake and output of air, exchange of gases between air and blood

Question 24

Urinary major organs

Answer 24

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 25

Urinary major functions

Answer 25

Removes waste from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store and transport urine

Question 26

Reproductive major organs

Answer 26

Male: scritum, testes, Lenin’s, urethra, prostate gland, seminal vesicles Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva

Question 27

Reproductive major functions

Answer 27

Produce and maintain egg cells, receive spermicide cells, support development of embryo and function in birth process

Question 28

Requirements for life

Answer 28

Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

Question 29

Homeostasis

Answer 29

Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment

Question 30

Homeostatic controls

Answer 30

Nervous and endocrine systems. 3 components: receptor (sensor), control center (decision), effector (avtion)

Question 31

Homeostatic controls: receptor

Answer 31

Monitors environment and responds to stimuli

Question 32

Homeostatic controls: control center

Answer 32

Decision about how to go back to normal. Determines set point at which var. is maintained. Receives input from recept

Question 33

Homeostatic controls: effector

Answer 33

Action. Receives info from control center. Provides response that reduces stimulus (negative feedback) or enhances stimulus (positive feedback)

Question 34

Negative feedback

Answer 34

Reduces or shits off original stimulus, var changes in opposite direction of initial change. Most common feedback mech in the body.

Question 35

Example of neg. feedback: high BP

Answer 35

Stimulus = high BP Sensor = baroreceptor (aorta and cortical) Control center = brain stem (cardiovascular centers <120/80 Effectors = blood vesicles respond with vasodilation and heart rate lowers

Question 36

Positive feedback

Answer 36

Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus. Can be very unstable because moving away from homeostasis

Question 37

Example of positive feedback

Answer 37

Uterine contractions during labor. Blood clotting

Question 38

Anatomical position

Answer 38

Standing with feet slightly apart, face forward, palms forward

Question 39

Superior

Answer 39

Toward head

Question 40

Inferior

Answer 40

Away from head

Question 41

Anterior

Answer 41

To front of body

Question 42

Posterior

Answer 42

To back of body

Question 43

Medial

Answer 43

Nearer to midline

Question 44

Lateral

Answer 44

Farther from midline

Question 45

Intermediate

Answer 45

Between two structures

Question 46

Ipsilateral

Answer 46

On same side of bidy

Question 47

Contra lateral

Answer 47

On opposite side of body

Question 48

Proximal

Answer 48

Closer to trunk

Question 49

Distal

Answer 49

Further from trunk

Question 50

Superficial

Answer 50

Closer to body’s surface

Question 51

Deep

Answer 51

Away from body’s surface

Question 52

Frontal plane

Answer 52

Anterior and posterior

Question 53

Transverse plane

Answer 53

Superior and inferior

Question 54

Parasagittal plane

Answer 54

Cut was off centered

Question 55

Midsagittal plane

Answer 55

Cute was on midline

Question 56

Sagittal plane

Answer 56

Divides body vertically into left and right

Question 57

Oblique plane

Answer 57

At an angle

Question 58

Serous membranes

Answer 58

Thin double layered membranes that cover the viscera within thoracic and abdominal cavities. Visceral layer: in contact with the outer organ surface Parietal later: in contact with the wall of the cavity

Question 59

Serous membranes in the thoracic cavity

Answer 59

Pleura: surround lungs Pericardium: surrounds heart Mediastinum: connective tissue that surrounds other thoracic organs

Question 60

Serous membranes of the abdominal cavity

Answer 60

Peritoneum: surrounds abdominal organs