Chapter 1

Question 1

What is the definition of anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure of the human body

Question 2

What is the definition of physiology

Answer 2

the study of how the body functions

Question 3

o Pathology

Answer 3

the study of diseases

Question 4

What are the five levels of organization in order?

Answer 4

Chemical, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, body

Question 5

What makes up the integumentary system (5 parts) and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 5

-hair, skin, nails, sweat glands, oil glands
-Used to protect body from injury and disease

Question 6

What makes up the skeletal system and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 6

-bones and joints
-provides support and structure to body

Question 7

What makes up the in muscular system and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 7

-skeletal muscles
-movement, support, protection

Question 8

What makes up the digestive system (9 parts) and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 8

-mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, anus, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
-food intake and breakdown, nutrient absorption, and elimination of waste

Question 9

What makes up the respiratory system and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 9

-lungs and passages leading to lungs
-taking in oxygen and getting CO2 out

Question 10

What makes up the cardiovascular system and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 10

-Heart and blood vessels
-Carrying O2 throughout the body and collecting waste products to be disposed of and taking them to points of disposal

Question 11

What makes up the lymphatic system and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 11

-lymphatic vessels and nodes (tonsils, thymus, and spleen)
-Aids in immunity and protecting against disease as well as absorbing dietary fats

Question 12

What makes up the urinary system and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 12

-ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
-storage and elimination of water soluble waste

Question 13

What makes up the Nervous system and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 13

-brain, spinal cord, nerves
-controls and coordinates body, interprets sensory input

Question 14

What makes up the Endocrine system and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 14

-glands that secrete hormones
-regulate body functions like growth, nutrient utilization, and reproduction

Question 15

What makes up the reproductive system and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 15

-internal and external reproductive organs such as the uterus and the testes
-procreation

Question 16

Homeostasis

Answer 16

the state of internal regulation to ideal ranges of regulated variables (ex. Temperature, body fluids, blood gas concentration, and blood pressure

Question 17

Negative feedback loops

Answer 17

the perception (sensor) of a state of internal dysregulation compared to ideal range (control center) prompts a response from body systems (effector) to return to a state of homeostasis and then when body returns to a state of regulation, the response stops.

Question 18

Gradient

Answer 18

the difference of concentration of substances between two areas

Question 19

barrier

Answer 19

the mode of separation between two areas for example, cell wall or membrane

Question 20

resistance

Answer 20

factors that inhibit flow between gradients

Question 21

superior

Answer 21

above/toward the head

Question 22

inferior

Answer 22

below/toward the feet

Question 23

anterior/ventral

Answer 23

front of the body

Question 24

posterior/dorsal

Answer 24

back of the body

Question 25

medial

Answer 25

toward the center

Question 26

lateral

Answer 26

toward the side/away from the center

Question 27

proximal

Answer 27

closer to origin

Question 28

distal

Answer 28

farther from origin

Question 29

frontal/coronal plane

Answer 29

divides body into a front and a back

Question 30

sagittal plane

Answer 30

divides body into left and right sides

Question 31

transverse plane

Answer 31

divides body into a top and a bottom

Question 32

cross section (dissection)

Answer 32

cut in half horizontally (make straw shorter)

Question 33

longitudinal (dissection)

Answer 33

cut in half vertically (make straw into two slides)

Question 34

oblique (dissection)

Answer 34

cut diagonally

Question 35

dorsal cavities

Answer 35

spinal and cranial

Question 36

ventral cavities

Answer 36

thoracic and abdominopelvic

Question 37

thoracic cavaties

Answer 37

pericardial, pleural, mediastinum

Question 38

what is in the pericardial cavity?

Answer 38

the heart

Question 39

what is in the pleural cavity?

Answer 39

lungs

Question 40

what is in the mediastinum cavity?

Answer 40

blood vessels

Question 41

abdominal cavity (7 organs)

Answer 41

stomach, small intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys

Question 42

pelvic cavity

Answer 42

urinary bladder and reproductive organs

Question 43

what is the top right box of the nine regions called?

Answer 43

right hypochondriac

Question 44

what is the top left box of the nine regions called?

Answer 44

left hypochondriac

Question 45

what is the top row, center box of the nine regions called?

Answer 45

epigastric

Question 46

what is the center row, right box called?

Answer 46

right lumbar

Question 47

what is the center row, left box called?

Answer 47

left lumbar

Question 48

what is the center row, center box called?

Answer 48

umbilical

Question 49

What is the bottom row, right box called?

Answer 49

right iliac

Question 50

what is the bottom row, left box called?

Answer 50

left iliac