Chapter 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Conflict model
Argues that the organization of a criminal justice system either do, or should, work competitively to produce justice, as apposed to cooperatively.
Crime control perspective
Emphasizes the standardized, expeditious processing of defendents through the court system and the uniform punishment of offenders according to the severity of their actions.
“Crime in the streets”
Often violence that occurs in a public area.
Criminal justice
Is the delivery of justice to those who have been accused of crimes.
Decriminalization
The removal of criminal penalties for drug law violations.
Formal social control
Involve more direct action against a person such as suspension from school or arrest and incarceration in the criminal justice system.
Indictment
When someone is given a formal notice that is believed that they commited a crime.
Jail
An institution used to confine people awaiting trial and those sentenced for low level crimes, like misdemeanors.
Mala in se
An innately immoral act, regardless of whether it is forbidden by law. (ex. Adultery, theft, and murder)
Misdemeanor
A crime punishable by less then 12 months in jail.
Probation
A court imposed criminal sentence that, subject to stated conditions and restrictions, releases a convicted criminal defendant into the community instead of confining him or her to jail or prison.
Prosecution
To initiate criminal proceedings against a person.
Probable cause
Reasonable grounds ( for making a search, pressing a charge, etc)
Property crimes
The object of the theft type offenses is the taking of money or property, but there is no force or threat of force against the victims.
Restorative justice
Seeks to examine the harmful impact of a crime and then determines what can be done to repair that harm while holding his or her actions.
Consensus model
Argued that the organizations of a criminal justice system either do, or should, work cooperatively to produce justice, as opposed to competitively.
Due process perspective
Focuses upon the rights of the defendant, who is presumed innocent until proven guilty, and aims at individualizing rehabilitation programs for those found guilty.
“Crime in the suites”
Any illegal act by a corporation or too officials. (Ex. Fraud, tax evasion, price fixing, embezzlement, etc.)
Criminology
Focuses on the sociological and psychological behaviors of criminals to determine why they commit crimes.
Legalization
The process of renoving a legal prohibition against something witch is currently not legal.
Informal social control
The ability of local neighborhoods to supervise the behavior of their residents and the capacity of neighborhoods to socialize their residents conventionally.
Grand jury
A group of citizens who do not know the defendant can make an unbiased decision about the evidence before voting to charge an individual with crime.
Prison
State or federal housing facilities that confine convicted felons with sentences typically longer than a year.
Mala prohibita
Conduct that constitutes an unlawful act only by virtue of statue, as opposed to conduct that is evil in and of itself.
