Chapter 1

Question 1

Cytosol

Answer 1

Part of cell remaining after membranes, cytoskeletal components and other organelles have been removed

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Contents of cell contained within the plasma membrane BUT outside of nucleus in eukaryotic cells

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule which contains the genetic code in eukaryotic cells

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Membrane-bound organelle that carries out oxidative phosphorylation and produces most ATP in eukaryotic cells

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Organelle containing DNA organized into chromosomes

Question 6

Chloroplasts

Answer 6

specialized organelle in algae and plants containing chlorophyll; where photosynthesis takes place

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

Membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes

Question 8

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 8

membrane-bound organelle where proteins and lipids made in ER are modified and transported to other sites

Question 9

Peroxisomes

Answer 9

membrane-bound organelle that uses molecular oxygen to oxidize long chain fatty acids; produces hydrogen peroxide and also degrades it

Question 10

Plasma Membrane

Answer 10

membrane surrounding living cell

Question 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

Labyrinthine, membrane-bound compartment in cytoplasm where lipids and proteins are made

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

system of protein filaments in cytoplasm giving cell shape and capacity for directed movement

Question 13

Eukaryote

Answer 13

cells that contain complex structures enclosed within membranes

Question 14

Prokaryote

Answer 14

cells who lack a cell nucleus (karyon), or any other membrane-bound organelles

Question 15

T/F: All cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T/F: All cells contain DNA

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Homologous

Answer 17

Molecules that are similar because of their common evolutionary origin; determined by similarities in protein or nucleic acid sequences

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Particle composed of ribosomal RNAs and ribosomal proteins that associate with mRNAs and catalyze the synthesis of protein

Question 19

Centriole

Answer 19

Short cylindrical array of microtubules usually found in pairs at the center of a centrosome

Question 20

Centrosome

Answer 20

Organelle that serves as primary microtubule organizing center; in animal cells, contains pair of centrioles