Chapter 1 & 13 Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
Psychopathology
A
is the scientific study of abnormal behaviour.
2
Q
ICD a medical classification listed by the
A
WHO
3
Q
Which of the following is relevant to defining a paradigm?
- Conceptual framework
- Basic assumptions
- Specify the problem
- Investigate the problem
A
All of the below:
- Conceptual framework
- Basic assumptions
- Specify the problem
- Investigate the problem
4
Q
Destructive beliefs and attitudes held by a society is called…
A
Stigma
5
Q
Which of the following does not describe what stigma encompasses?
a. Ignorance or limitations in knowledge about mental health.
b. Negative attitudes to mental illness.
c. Unhelpful or discriminatory responses to people with mental health problems.
d. Prejudice to People with mental heath problems.
e. Helpful or non-discriminatory responses to people with mental health problems.
A
e. Helpful or non-discriminatory responses to people with mental health problems.
6
Q
People that have attitudes about themselves that are harsh or discriminatory are displaying:
A
self-stigma
7
Q
EUGENICS
A
describes improving the genetic composition of the human race through selective breeding and sterilisation.
8
Q
Reliving an earlier emotional trauma and releasing emotional tension is called…
A
Catharsis
9
Q
Psychoanalytic theory says that psychopathology results from…
A
Unconscious conflicts
10
Q
According to Freud the id operates on the _____ principle?
A
Pleasure
11
Q
A defence mechanism is used by the ________ to protect itself from ________.
A
Ego, Anxiety
12
Q
A person who experiences either excessive or deficient amounts of gratification at a particular stage develops a _______
A
Fixation
13
Q
which of the following is the correct order of the psychosexual developmental stages?
A
Oral stage Anal stage Phallic stage Latency periods and Genital stage (Orange Ants Play Late Generally)
14
Q
____________ or the basic categories that all human beings use in conceptualising the world were part of what Jung called the collective unconscious.
A
Archetypes
15
Q
Adler’s _______ psychology regarded people as inextricably tied to their society because he believed that fulfillment was found in doing things for the social good.
A
Individual
16
Q
The _______ approach focuses on both heritability of traits and complex interactions between genes and environment.
A
genetic paradigm
17
Q
Which of the following is not correct when explaining heritability?
a. Relevant for a particular individual
b. Relevant for a large population.
c. Estimates range from 0.0 to 1.0
d. Variability in a population.
A
a. Relevant for a particular individual
18
Q
________ have much more effect on development of psychological disorders than other experiences.
A
Non-shared experiences.
19
Q
Which of the following is not related to behavour genetics?
a. Genes and environmental factors
b. Genetic make-up
c. Genotype
d. Phenotype
e. Conscious
A
e. Conscious (not related to behaviour genetics)
20
Q
A ____ means that a given person’s sensitivity to an environmental event is influenced by genes.
A
Gene-environment interaction
21
Q
The study of how the environment can alter gene expression or function is called ________.
A
Epigenetics
22
Q
The ______ paradigm believes that psychological disorders are linked to brain and nervous system abnormalities.
A
Neuroscience
23
Q
________ in neural development, describes the selective loss of synaptic connections, especially in the fine-tuning of brain regions devoted to sensory processing.
A
Pruning
24
Q
The concept of ________ reflects the ability of the human brain to constantly change as a function of experience.
A
Neuroplasticity
25
Researching how psychological factors impact the immune system is called _______?
Psychoneuroimmunology
26
The ______ framework highlights the significance of biological, psychological and social factors and their interactions in understanding behaviour.
biopsychosocial
27
Which of the following is not related to behaviour therapy:
a. modelling
b. time out
c. catharsis
d. systematic desensitisation
e. inhibitory learning
c. catharsis (not related to behaviour therapy)
28
Cognitive therapy emphasises the relationship between _______.
a. thought
b. feeling
c. behavour
d. a and c
e. a, b and c
e. a, b and c.
| (that is... "Cognitive therapy emphasises the relationship between thought, feeling and behaviour".
29
_________: tendencies to perceive events in a negative manner.
Cognitive biases
30
Which of the following is not correctly matched?
a. Attachment theory - John Bowlby and May Ainsworth
b. Person centred therapy - Rogers
c. Dialectical behavour therapy - Linehan
d. Mindfulness-based therapy - Segal
e. Metacognitive therapy - Singer
e. Metacognitive therapy - Singer
| this is not correctly matched. Singer matches Narrative Therapy
31
The sociocultural approach places emphasis on:
a. age
b. gender
c. ethnicity and culture
d. socioeconomic status
e. All of the above
e. All of the above.
The sociocultural approach places emphasis on age, gender, ethnicity and culture and socioeconomic status.
32
What must be established in a successful insanity defense?
The court must find the accused did not know what they were doing at the time of the offense, or if they did, that it was wrong.
33
What is the second line of defense in insanity cases?
Diminished responsibility
34
Where did the defense of diminished responsibility originate?
Scotland
35
Name the section of the criminal code at 1899 that provides provisions for diminished responsibility
Section 304A of the criminal code at 1899.
36
Which section of the criminal code describes an on sound mind.
Section 27
37
Where was the mental health court established in Australia?
Queensland
38
Name the application for the right to receive particular information about the person who has committed and unlawful act.
Victim impact statement
39
Who can prepare a victim impact statement?
The victim or a close relative of the victim, Including their spouse.
40
When can disclosure be prohibited for a victim impact statement?
If it is considered harmful to the health and well-being of the person of unsound mined.
41
Who protects the rights of patients in authorized mental health services?
The chief psychiatrist
42
Which section of the mental health act deals with fitness to stand trial?
Section 162
43
The test a fitness to stand trial dates back to which case?
R v Pritchard (1836)
44
When can a person be detained in an authorized mental health hospital?
a. The person is suicidal
b. The person present to risk to their own safety or welfare
c. The person present to risk it to the safety of others
d. Any of the above.
45
What is the main contributing factor to violence?
Substance abuse
46
When is violence prediction more accurate?
a. When do person has been repeatedly violent in the recent past
b. When I previous serious act has been committed and the persons personality has not changed.
c. When a person is judge to be on the brink of a violent act (e.g. pointing a loaded gun or make incredible threats).
d. All of the above.
47
When treating people with the psychological disorder and protecting them from harming themselves and others, what type of freedom is to be provided?
Least restrictive alternative to freedom
48
The policy that referred to discouraging as many people as possible from hospitals and discouraging admissions from 1955 to the mid 1960s was known as?
Dinstitutionalization
49
The national health and research Council (NHMRC) in Australia issue the statement on human experimentation in which year?
1966
50
What does informed consent imply?
Enough information must be provided to enable people to decide whether they want to be in a study.
51
How does APS Code of Ethics define confidentiality?
The protection of information obtained during the provision of psychological services.
52
The textbook chapter opens with a clinical case about Jack, young man who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. In the scenario, jack apply to get an apartment and the landlord
Denied him the apartment because he thought Jack might be violent
53
The textbook chapter opens with the clinical case about Felicia. In this scenario Felicia had very few friends and was off and teased. What was it that eventually made her life easier?
Felicia was diagnosed with having ADHD and received effective treatment.
54
The field concerned with nature, development, and treatment of psychological disorders is called
Psychopathology
55
Students often have ————— , which makes it difficult to remain objective when learning about psychopathology
Preconceived notions.
56
The destructive beliefs and attitudes held by a society that are ascribed to groups consider different in some manner, such as people with psychological illness, I called
Stigmas
57
Which of the following is not a characteristic of stigma?
a. A label applied to a group of people that distinguishes them from others
b. A label apply to a group of people that breaks the law
c. The label is linked to deviant or undesirable attitude by society
d. People with the label face unfair discrimination
58
All of the following our key suggestions for fighting against stigma EXCEPT:
a. Mandatory counseling
b. Housing options
c. Education
d. Personal contact
59
All of the following a case suggestions for fighting against stigma EXCEPT:
a. Mental health evaluation
b. Support and advocacy groups
c. Education for individuals and families
d. Required after school care for children with mental illness
60
Which of the following is[are] our best hope for reducing the stigma against those diagnosed with a psychological disorder?
a. Increase contact
b. Increase education
c. Increase quality legislation
d. All of the above
61
Which of the following is NOT and organization establish to educate and offer support those diagnosed with a psychological disorder?
Mad4Life
62
The best definition of mental disorder text all of the following into account EXCEPT:
Syndromes
63
Define a mental disorder on the basis of personal distress is problematic for which reason?
Some mental disorders do not involve personal distress
64
Which of the following IS NOT a part of the comprehensive definition of a psychological disorder?
Behavior outside of the norm
65
The DSM-5’s definition of mental disorder involves all of the following criteria except that it:
Occurs within multiple individuals
66
Cindy is an accomplished lawyer who sought psychological help in dealing with the stresses of balancing work and family responsibilities. Which definition of mental disorder applies to Cindy?
Personal distress
67
After presenting characteristics of mental disorder, the text concludes that
Together the characteristics give a comprehensive definition of abnormality
68
Exorcism was used on people who demonstrated odd behavior because:
Strange behavior was believed to be caused by possession
69
Hippocrates’ early views of mental health contributed to an enduring emphasis on
Natural causes
70
Hippocrates suggested which of the following treatment for mental illness?
Care in choosing food and drink
71
Hippocrates influenced psychology by
Distinguishing medicine from religion in magic
72
Which of the following best describes treatment of disordered people during the dark ages?
Monks in monasteries prayed over them.
73
Edith was accused of being a witch in 1532. She most likely lived in
Europe
74
In what century were old hospital is converted into asylums for people with psychological disorders?
15th
75
Which of the following suggests that many “witches” condemned during the inquisition were, in fact, mentally disordered individuals?
The witches “confessed” to delusions and hallucinations.
76
The word ‘lunacy’ comes from a theory espoused by Paracelsus, who attributed odd behavior to
A misalignment of the moon and the stars.
77
Early asylums were developed
For the confine and care of the mentally ill.
78
Bedlam
Is the term associated with the chaotic conditions at early asylums.
79
Who is the Sociedad with creating more humane environments at mental hospitals?
Philippe Pinel
80
Treatment for the mentally ill during the Moral Therapy era became more humane when
a. Patients were given individual attention
b. Asylums were abolished
c. Specialty hospital wards were created for the mentally ill within general care facilities.
d. All of the above.
81
Moral treatment involved
Encouraging patients to engage in purposeful activities.
82
Elizabeth was receiving more treatment while in an early asylum. Which of the following treatment was she LEAST likely to receive?
Physical restraints
83
“Moral Treatment” was largely abandoned because of the development of
Large impersonal hospitals
84
Dorothy Dix is famous for
a. Greatly improving the standard of care for people with mental illness
b. Overseeing the creation of 32 State Hospital's for the mentally ill
c. Providing moral treatment many people with mental illness
d. All of the above.
85
Similar to the early asylums, present day mental hospitals
Provide merely for basic needs and medication
86
General paresis is best described as
A deterioration of mental and physical health associated with syphilis.
87
The germ theory of disease, which states that disease is caused by infection of the body by tiny organisms, was put forth by
Louis Pasteur
88
The discovery of the cause of syphilis was important to the field with mental illness for which reason?
It increased interest in determining biological causes for mental illness
89
The germ theory of disease
Showed the link between syphilis and mental illness.
90
An adherent for biological approaches would suggest which of the following treatment for depression?
Antidepressant medication
91
The Eugenics movement
Sought to cleanse society of people with undesirable characteristics
92
Early work in behavior genetics lead to
Forced sterilization of mental patients
93
Which of the following is true about ECT?
It is used today to treat patients with severe depression.
94
Hypnosis, as originally used by Mesmer, was used for
Treating hysteria
95
The reasoning behind hypnosis has developed by Mesmer was that
Changing the magnetic fluid in his patients would result in symptom reduction
96
Esther what is a patient of Mesmer, who is treated for her blindness. What was the likely scenario when she entered his treatment room?
A stock of chemical-filled rods, with Mesmer presiding over the room
97
Breuer observed and association between recalling past traumatic event and expression of the original emotion in hysterics. This resulted in
Decreased hysteria.
98
Dr. Jones encourages her clients, and Hipnosis, to recall childhood trauma's and the emotions associated with them. This technique was developed by
Josef Breuer.
99
Which is true regarding catharsis?
It encourages the release of emotional tension
100
If you went to Josef Breuer for treatment of hysterical paralysis, Which treatment would you probably not receive?
Medication
101
The cathartic method was created by
Josef Breuer
102
The psychoanalytic theory rest upon the assumption that psychopathology is the result of
Unconscious conflicts.
103
They id, ego, and superego are
Structures of the mind
104
The ego operates according to the ——— principle.
Reality
105
The basic energy source for the psyche is the
id.
106
According to Freud's theory, the superego develops from the
Ego
107
Dealing with reality is the primary role of the
Ego
108
Which structure involves only activity of the unconscious?
id.
109
While studying for an exam, Greg worked for 15 minutes before becoming tired. He decided that it would be better to work for another 30 minutes before taking a break. His behavior is being guided by which part of his personality?
Ego
110
When one refers to their conscience, they are also describing their
Superego
111
The superego allows us to
Know right from wrong
112
Carol is trying to decide whether to drink alcohol, knowing that her parents are strongly opposed to drinking. According to Friday in theory, Carol struggle is between her ——— , which makes her want to drink, and her ———— , which discourages her from drinking.
id; superego
113
According to Freud, what is the most important determinant of behavior?
Unconscious
114
The ego uses ———- to protect itself from anxiety.
Defense mechanisms
115
Conflicts from a particular stage of development, according to Freud, will
Continue to affect development
116
Fixation at a particular stage, According to Freud, results in
Regression to that stage when stressed later in life
117
Which of the following is NOT a technique in psychoanalytic psychotherapy?
Cognitive reappraisal
118
Dr. Smith argues that the desire to hunt is built into all man dating back to the times of caveman. Dr. Smith is relying on the concept of
Collective unconscious
119
Adler developed a theory of psycho analytic thought orientated towards
Doing things for the social good
120
As part of therapy, you are asked to lie on the couch in and say anything to comes in to your mind. This is called
Free association
121
You begin to think of your therapist in a similar way to your sister, so begin to treat the therapist as you treat your sister. This is referred to as
Transference
122
According to the ——— theory, at each developmental stage a different part of the body is most sensitive to sexual excitation and, therefore, the most capable of satisfying the id.
Psychosexual
123
The correct developmental order of Freud's psychosexual stages is
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
124
During which psychosexual stage did freud say the roots of depression were formed?
Oral
125
According to Freud, people who are fixated at the ——— stage are overly dependent upon others.
Oral
126
Behaviourists advocate that
Abnormal behavior is learned.
127
The earliest the earliest experimental work on classical conditioning was conducted by
Pavlov
128
Anne experienced extreme pain at the dentist as a child. Now she goes to a different dentist, but feel so hot rice when she arrives, and go down when she leaves. Heart racing whenever she goes to the dentist is due to ————- , and the calming feeling when she leaves is due to ———— .
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning.
129
Fiona faints when her doctor begins to draw blood. What is the unconditioned response?
Fainting
130
The following type of response to behavior results in an increased probability of the behavior occurring again.
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Positive punishment
d. Both a & b.
131
A class conducted an experiment with its professor. The students paid attention as a group only when she was to be left of the blackboard. After this was established, they paid attention only when she was 3 feet from the blackboard, further to the left. Finally, they paid attention only when she was directly in the corner, to the left of the blackboard. This is an illustration of
Shaping
132
Mr. Smith is going to a therapist for help with his fear of heights. Over several sessions the therapist, dr. Jones, provide state muscle relaxation and gradual exposure to Heights. Dr. Jones his treatment approach it's best identified as
Systematic desensitization
133
Early behaviorist theories did not consider the critical role that ———- play in human behavior.
a. Thoughts I asked
b. Emotions
c. Memories
d. Both A & b
134
The study of cognition began to be prominent in
1960s
135
Which of the following theoretical approaches emphasizes the importance of how people construe themselves in the world?
Cognitive
136
Cognitive therapist believe that if clients change their ——- they will be able to change their feelings, behavior, and symptoms.
Thoughts
137
According to Albert ELLIS, ———— Are caused by internal sentences that people repeat to themselves
Emotional reactions
138
Rational-emotive behavior therapy was proposed by
ELLIS
139
Psychiatrist different from clinical psychologist in that psychiatrists
Prescribe medication
140
Which profession requires a research dissertation as a prerequisite for an advanced degree.
Clinical psychologist
141
Social workers primarily
Conduct psychotherapy
142
The doctor of psychology degree (Psy.D) emphasizes
Clinical training more than research training.
143
Clinical psychologist, counseling psychologist, and social workers are all likely to be involved in
Providing psychotherapy
144
That has recently been a debate regarding with the clinical psychologist should be allowed to
Prescribe medications
