chapter 1

Question 1

chaos of thoughts, belief, assumptions, values, and superstition

Answer 1

PHILOSOPHY

Question 2

philosophical discussion of what is concerned good/bad, right/wrong in terms of moral issues

Answer 2

MORAL PHILOSOPHY

Question 3

concerned with the study of social morality and philosophical reflection on society’s norms and practices

Answer 3

ETHICS

Question 4

derived from either of 2 basic school of thoughts

Answer 4

ETHICAL THEORIES

Question 5

dependent upon human nature and psychology

Answer 5

NATURALISM

Question 6

not dependent upon human nature

Answer 6

RATIONALISM

Question 7

based upon the rational view that the rightness/wrongness of a an act depends upon nature act rather than its consequences

Answer 7

DEONTOLOGY

Question 8

Deon means

Answer 8

DUTY

Question 9

other term of deontology

Answer 9

FORMALISM

Question 10

other term of deontology

Answer 10

FORMALISM

Question 11

Born in Konigsberg, Prussia in 1724
-ethical rules are universal
-more on rational

Answer 11

IMMANUEL KANT

Question 12

act only according to the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law

Answer 12

CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE

Question 13

act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or that of another, always as an end and never as a means only

Answer 13

PRACTICAL IMPERATIVE

Question 14

inhelent recognition that all people are equal and competent to make universally legislative decisions

Answer 14

KANTIAN THEORY

Question 15

ethics of democracy

Answer 15

KANTIANETHICS

Question 16

it requires liberty, equality and fraternity with in politically organized society

Answer 16

RAPHAEL (1994)

Question 17

one finds that the goal of consequentialism is often stated as the greatest good for the greatest number.

Answer 17

TELEOLOGY

Question 18

another term of teleology

Answer 18

CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 19

telos means

Answer 19

END

Question 20

evaluate the morality of actions in terms of progress toward a goal/end

Answer 20

CONSEQUENTIALIST MORAL THEORIES

Question 21

has several versions, the best known of which is utilitarianism

Answer 21

CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 22

terms of the maximization of the net utility expected for all parties affected by a decision/action

Answer 22

UTILITARIANISM

Question 23

believed both good end evil lie in sensation, pleasure being good and pain being evil

Answer 23

EPICURUS

Question 24

Pleasure according to Epicurus

Answer 24

-living a life of moderation
-courage
-justice
-by cultivating
-friendship

Question 25

dwell apart from human

Answer 25

DEITIES

Question 26

-action can be considered to be right when they increase happiness and diminish misery -can be considered wrong when they have the opposite -he proposed that we should measure the product act in terms of the value of a proposed pleasure -father of modern utilitarianism

Answer 26

JEREMY BENTHAM

Question 27

Principal of utility produce

Answer 27

-benefit -advantage -pleasure -good -happiness

Question 28

6 criteria in measuring the pleasure

Answer 28

-intensity -duration -certainty -propinquity -fecundity -purity

Question 29

basic principle of utilitarianism is that actions are right to t h e degree that they tend to promote the greatest good for the greatest number. -He defined “the good” in terms o f well - being an d distinguished,

Answer 29

JOHN STUART MILL

Question 30

most often associated with the british philosopher Mill.

Answer 30

CLASSICAL UTILITARIANISM

Question 31

described physical and mental suffering as

Answer 31

-indigence -disease -unkindness -worthlessness -premature loss of object/affection

Question 32

do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Answer 32

GOLDEN RULE

Question 33

It suggests that people choose actions that will in any given circumstance, increase the over all good.

Answer 33

ACT UTILITARIANISM/ ACT CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 34

It suggests that people choose rules that, when followed consistently, will maximize the overall good.

Answer 34

RULE UTILITARIANISM

Question 35

acts based on certain degree of innate moral virtue

Answer 35

VIRTUE ETHICS

Question 36

another name of virtue ethics

Answer 36

CHARACTER ETHICS

Question 37

character trait that is morally valued

Answer 37

MORAL VIRTUE

Question 38

8 cardinal virtues

Answer 38

-WISDOM -COURAGE -TEMPERANCE -JUSTICE -GENEROSITY -FAITH -HOPE -CHARITY

Question 39

refers to matters having to do with character.

Answer 39

ETHICS

Question 40

he considered goodness of character to be produced by the pr act ice o f virtuous behavior, rather than virtuous act s being the end result o f a good character.

Answer 40

ARISTOTLE

Question 41

equal to excellence of character

Answer 41

-MOTIVATION -DELIBERATION -CLEAR JUDGEMENT -SELF-CONTROL -PRACTICE

Question 42

acting repeatedly in a virtous manner

Answer 42

VIRTUE CHARACTER

Question 43

another perspective to Aristotle's concept o f a virtuous person . She proposes that virtue lies not only in engaging virtuous acts but also in a will. -She defines will as "that which is wished for as well as what is sought." According to her, a positive or moral will is sometimes the necessary ingredient in success .

Answer 43

PHILIPPA RUTH FOOT

Question 44

discussion of virtue as related to biomedical ethics

Answer 44

TOM BEAUCHAMP AND JAMES CHILDRESS

Question 45

4 focal virtue

Answer 45

-COMPASSION -DISCERNMENT -TRUSTWORTHINESS -INTEGRITY

Question 46

ability to imagine oneself in the situation of other -it embodies golden rule

Answer 46

COMPASSION

Question 47

rest on sensitive insight involving acute judgement and understanding and it result in decisive actions

Answer 47

DISCERNMENT

Question 48

trust is confident belief in the moral character

Answer 48

TRUSTWORTHINESS

Question 49

it means soundness, reliability, wholeness, and integration of moral character

Answer 49

INTEGRITY