Chapter 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is anatomy? What is physiology?
anatomy is the study of body parts in relationship to another
physiology is study of function of body parts
What are the levels of body organization?
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
Parts of Chemical Level
Atoms- smallest unit of matter
Molecules- combination of two or more atoms
Biological Molecules- “protoplasm”
- large molecules that are essential to life,
- these molecules come together to form organelles which are the structures within cells that serve a specific function
(ex) Mitochondria
Parts of Cellular Level
Cell- the basic unit of life; made up of many organelles
Cytology- the study of cells
Parts of Tissue Level
Tissue- a group of similar cells and the material surrounding the cells
Histology- study of tissue
Parts of Organ Level
Organ- structures composed of two or more different tissues, serve a common function
(ex) heart, liver
Parts of System Level
System Level- consists of related organs that serve a common function
(ex) Urinary System
Parts of Organismal Level
Organism- a living organism, combination of all systems
What are the basic requirements of life?
Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction
Part of Life: Metabolism
Metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body
Catabolism- when large complex structures break down into smaller ones
Anabolism- building complex large structures from smaller ones
Part of Life Responsiveness
Responsiveness- ability to sense and respond to stimuli
Part of Life Movement
Movement- ability to initiate motion
-> muscular system allows movement
Part of Life Growth
Growth- increase in number of cells and increase in body part size
Part of Life Differentiation
Differentiation- when cells become specialized from their non-specialized ancestor cells
Stem Cells- non-specialized ancestor cells that are undifferentiated
Part of Life Reproduction
Reproduction- formation of new cells for the growth of new cells
What is Hemostasis?
When the body maintains a relatively stable condition (within the body)
What is a Feedback System?
This is when the body is continuously monitored, evaluated, changed and re-monitored to ensure that the body is balanced
What are the 3 components of a feedback system?
- Receptor: a sensor that monitors the body’s environment and sends impulses to control center
- Control Center: gets information from receptor and generates a response (output) as necessary
- Effector: receives output from control center and provides means to respond
What are the two types of Feedback System?
- Negative Feedback System: this system reverses the original change to help maintain levels in the body
(ex) maintain body temperature - Positive Feedback System: reinforces (strengthens) the original change to control condition
(ex) contractions during delivery
What are the 5 body planes?
Midsagittal (left and right)
Sagittal (parallel to mid)
Frontal (anterior and posterior)
Transverse (horizontal)
Oblique (angled)
What is the dorsal cavity?
Cranial cavity- contains the brain
Vertebral cavity- contains the spinal cord
What is the ventral cavity?
Thoracic cavity- (chest) above diaphragm, contains heart and lungs
Abdominopelvic cavity- lies below the diaphragm
-> Abdominal cavity: superior portion that contains digestive organs
-> Pelvic cavity: inferior portion that contains reproductive organs
What are the quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Right Upper Quadrant Left Upper Quadrant
Right Lower Quadrant Left Lower Quadrant
(Middle of all is the umbilicus)
