Chapter 1 Flashcards
(82 cards)
Studies people, workplace setups, and
work behavior, such as the performance of the employees, in doing designated tasks to understand human behavior in a business context. The purpose of this is to identify how employee behavior should be influenced and enhanced for the benefit of the company they are in.
IO Psychology
Focuses on establishing competencies needed in a certain position, including
filling the vacant positions with people who possess these competencies and training employees.
Industrial Approach
Focuses on providing workplace conditions where the employees will have an enjoyable and satisfying job experience. Furthermore, creating organizational structure and culture aligns the employees to be motivated in work. Lastly, providing necessary information on how they will perform the job given to them.
Organizational Approach
A type of approach which focuses on identifying the skills required to do a job, recruiting personnel who possess those skills, and developing those skills through training
Industrial Approach
A type of approach that will encourage workers to perform effectively, provide the knowledge they need to execute their jobs, ensure a safe working environment, and produce a work-life balance that is pleasurable and fulfilling.
Organizational Approach
The field of study that focuses on the selection and evaluation of workers.
Personnel psychology
These professionals are involved in personnel psychology
I/O psychologists and HRM professionals
These psychologists analyze jobs to get a thorough picture of what each employee does, frequently giving each position a monetary value.
Personnel psychologist
the field of study that examines how employees behave in an organizational
setting
Organizational psychology
These psychologists survey the employee attitudes to learn what employees think about the strengths and shortcomings of an organization.
Organizational psychologists
A field of study focuses on the interaction between humans and machines.
Human factors/ergonomics
These psychologists concentrate on workplace design, human-machine interaction, ergonomics, and physical fatigue and stress.
Human factors psychologists
Industrial Psychology was established
Early 1900s
Pioneers in the field of I/O Psychology
James Cattell, Walter Bingham, John Watson, Frank & Lilian Gilbreth
Published Theory of Advertising (1903), and Increasing Human Efficiency in Business (1911).
Walter Dill Scott
Published Psychology and Industrial Efficiency (1913), German version (1910)
Hugo Münsterberg
During World War I, I/O Psychology had its first enormous impact. Psychologists were utilized to test the recruited soldiers and assign them in the right positions.
1918
An intelligence test utilized for soldiers who can read
Army Alpha
An intelligence test utilized for soldiers who cannot read
Army Beta
Hawthorne studies was published
1933
A series of studies that addressing any adjustment of conduct when an individual responds to an adjustment in the environment
Hawthorne Studies
When workers change their way of behaving because of the fact that they are being observed.
Hawthorne Effect
Published by B. F. Skinner (1971), which expanded utilization of behavior modification procedures in organizations
Beyond Freedom and Dignity
1980s to 1990s brought four major changes to I/O Psychology
- Expanded utilization of genuinely complex statistical techniques and methods for analysis (MANOVA, ANOVA).
- Application of Cognitive Psychology to industry.
- Expanded interest in the impacts of work on family life and relaxation.
- Developed methods in the selection of
employees (Cognitive Ability Tests, Personality Tests, Bio-Data, Structured Interviews).
