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ANAPHY > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Investigates body structure.
The term means to dissect.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Investigates processes and functions. Studies the human organism.

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Studies body organ-systems

A

Systemic Physiology

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4
Q

Studies body cells

A

Cellular Physiology

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5
Q

Importance of AnaPhy

A

Understand how the body:
- responds to stimuli
- environmental changes
- environmental cues
- diseased
- injury

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6
Q

Studies body organ-systems

A

Systemic Anatomy

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7
Q

Type of Anatomy that studies body regions

A

Regional Anatomy

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8
Q

Type of Anatomy that studies external features, for example, bone projections.
Also known as superficial anatomy.

A

Surface Anatomy

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9
Q

Type of Anatomy that studies using technologies
(x-rays, ultrasound, MRI)

A

Anatomical imaging

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10
Q

Smallest level (atoms, chemical bonds, molecules)

A

Chemical

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11
Q

Cells: basic units of life
Compartments and organelles
Mitochondria, Nucleus,

A

Cellular

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12
Q

Group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substances they release

A

Tissues

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13
Q

Four broad types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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14
Q

Two or more tissue types acting together to perform functions.
(stomach, heart, liver, ovary, bladder, kidney)

A

Organs

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15
Q

Group of organs contributing to some function.
(digestive system, reproductive system)

A

Organ-System

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16
Q

All organ systems working together (includes associated microorganisms such as intestinal bactera)

A

Organism

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17
Q

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D.

A

Integumentary System

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18
Q

Consists of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.

A

Integumentary System

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19
Q

Provide protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue. (bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints)

A

Skeletal System

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20
Q

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. It consists of muscles attached to the connective tissue sheets or the skeleton by tendons.

A

Muscular System

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21
Q

A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.
(brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors).

A

Nervous System

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22
Q

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.

A

Endocrine System

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23
Q

Consists of endocrine glands, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, gonads, and other tissues that secrete hormones.

A

Endocrine System

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24
Q

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and regulation of body temperature.
(heart, blood vessels, blood).

A

Cardiovascular System

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25
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph. Combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract.
Lymphatic System
26
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air. It regulates blood pH. (lungs, diaphragm, respiratory passages).
Respiratory System
27
Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
Digestive System
28
System that consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other accessory organs.
Digestive System
29
Removes waste products from the blood an regulate pH, ion balance, and water balance. (kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder)
Urinary System
30
Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors. (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands)
Female Reproductive System
31
Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors. (testes, accessory structures, ducts, penis)
Male Reproductive System
32
The sum of all chemical an physical changes sustaining an organism.
Metabolism
33
Ability to acquire and use energy in support of these changes.
Metabolism
34
Ability to sense and respond to environmental changes. (both internal and external environments)
Responsiveness
35
Can increase in size. Size of cells, groups of cells, extracellular materials.
Growth
36
Changes in form and size. Changes in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized-differentiation
Development
37
Formation of new cells or new organisms. Generation of new individuals. Tissue repair.
Reproduction
38
Maintenance of constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external or internal environment.
Homeostasis
39
Measures of body properties that may change in value.
Variables
40
Examples of variables
Blood temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, blood cell counts, respiratory rate
41
Normal extend of increase or decrease around a set point.
Normal range
42
Normal, average value of a variable. Can be temporarily adjusted depending on body activities, as needed.
Set Point
43
Is a mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point. Main mechanism used homeostatic regulation.
Negative feedback
44
A negative feedback reponse involves:
detection: of deviation away from set point correction: reversal of deviation toward set point and normal range
45
Components of feedback
Receptor Control Center Effector
46
Detects changes in variable.
Receptor
47
Receives receptor signal. Establishes set point. Sens signal to effector.
Control Center
48
Directly causes change in variable.
Effector
49
Intensify a change in the body's physiological condition rather than reversing it. It occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response.
Positive Feedback
50
Anatomical Position is when
A person is standing erect with face and palms forward.
51
Above (Directional Terms)
Superior
52
Below (Directional Terms)
Inferior
53
Front (Ventral) (Directional Terms)
Anterior
54
Back (Dorsal) (Directional Terms)
Posterior
55
Close to midline
Medial
56
Away from midline
Lateral
57
Close to point of attachment
Proximal
58
Far from point of attachment
Distal
59
Structure close to the surface
Superficial
60
Structure toward the interior of the body
Deep
61
Separates the body into right and left parts
Sagittal Plane
62
A sagittal plane along the midline that divides body into EQUAL left and right halves.
Median Plane
63
A horizontal plane that separates the body into superior and inferior parts.
Transverse Plane
64
A vertical plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior parts.
Frontal Plane
65
Encloses the organs of the nervous system
Dorsal Body cavity
66
Encloses the organs of the nervous system.
Dorsal Body cavity
67
Contains the brain. (cavity)
Cranial cavity
68
Contains the spinal cord.
Vertebral Canal
69
Contains majority of internal organs (viscera)
Ventral Body cavity
70
Space within chest wall and diaphragm; contains heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea.
Thoracic cavity
71
Space between lungs; contain heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea.
Mediastinum
72
Space between diaphragm and pelvis; contains stomach intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys
Abdominal cavity
73
Space within pelvis, contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of large intestine.
Pelvic cavity
74
Line trunk cavities, cover organs in the ventral body cavity.
Serous Membranes
75
Cover the organs within the cavities
Visceral Serous Membranes
76
Lines the walls of the cavities
Parietal serous membrane
77
A fluid-filled space between the membranes
Cavity
78
The serous membrane in pleural cavity.
Pleura
79
The serous membrane in peritoneal cavity.
Peritoneum
80
Around the heart
Pericardial Cavity
81
Around lungs
Pleural Cavity
82
Around abdominopelvic cavity and its organs
Peritoneal Cavity
83
Covers heart
Visceral Pericardium
84
Thick and fibrous
Parietal Pericardium
85
Reduces Friction
Pericardial cavity
86
Covers, anchors organs
Visceral peritoneum
87
Lines inner wall of abdominopelvic cavity.
Parietal Peritoneum

ANAPHY (2 decks)

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