Chapter 1

Question 1

A branch of psychology that applies the principle of psychology to the workplace

Answer 1

Industrial- Organizational Psychology

Question 2

Study and practice in such areas as analyzing jobs, recruiting applicants, selecting employees, determining salary levels, training employees, and evaluating employee performance.

Answer 2

Personnel Psychology

Question 3

A field of study that concentrates on the selection and evaluation of EMPLOYEES.

Answer 3

Personnel Psychology

Question 4

Concerned with the issues of leadership, job satisfaction, employee motivation, organizational communication, conflict management, organizational change, and evaluating employee performance.

Answer 4

Organizational Psychology

Question 5

Concentrate on workplace design, human-machine interaction, ergonomics, and physical fatigue and stress.

Answer 5

Human Factors/ Ergonomics

Question 6

An intelligence test developed during World War I and used by the army for soldiers who CAN read.

Answer 6

Army Alpha

Question 7

An intelligence test developed during World War I and used by the army for soldiers who CANNOT read.

Answer 7

Alpha Beta

Question 8

When employees change their behavior due solely to the fact that they are receiving attention or are being observed

Answer 8

Hawthorne Effect

Question 9

A standardized admission test required by most psychology graduate schools.

Answer 9

Graduate Record Exam (GRE)

Question 10

Graduate programs that offer a master’s degree but not a Ph. D.

Answer 10

Terminal Master’s Degree Programs

Question 11

A situation in which a student works for an organization, either for pay or as a volunteer to receive practical work experience.

Answer 11

Internship

Question 12

A paid or unpaid position with an organization that gives a student practical work experience.

Answer 12

Practicum

Question 13

A formal research paper required to most doctoral students in order to graduate.

Answer 13

Dissertation

Question 14

An educated prediction about the answer to a research question

Answer 14

Hypothesis

Question 15

A systematic set of assumptions regarding the cause and nature of behavior.

Answer 15

Theory

Question 16

A written collection of articles describing the methods and results of new research.

Answer 16

Journals

Question 17

A collection of articles for those “in the biz,” about related professional topics, seldom directly reporting the methods and results of new research.

Answer 17

Trade Magazine

Question 18

An unscientific collection of articles about a wide range of topics.

Answer 18

Magazines

Question 19

The extent to which research results can be expected to true outside the specific setting in which they were obtained.

Answer 19

External Validity

Question 20

The extent to which research findings can be applied to a BROADER POPULATION or DOMAIN.

Answer 20

Generalization

Question 21

The extent to which the observed results represent the truth in the population we are studying and, thus, are not due to methodological errors.

Answer 21

Internal Validity

Question 22

Research conducted in a natural setting as opposed to a laboratory.

Answer 22

Field Research

Question 23

The formal process by which subjects give permission to be included in the study.

Answer 23

Informed Consent

Question 24

A committee designated to ensure the ethical treatment of research subjects.

Answer 24

Institutional Review Boards

Question 25

The result of a well-controlled experiment about which the researcher can confidently state that the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable.

Answer 25

Cause-and-effect relationships

Question 26

A type of research study in which the independent variable is manipulated by the experimenter.

Answer 26

Experiment

Question 27

The alteration of a variable by an experimenter in expectation that the alteration will result in a change in the dependent variable.

Answer 27

Manipulation

Question 28

The manipulated variable in an experiment.

Answer 28

Independent Variable

Question 29

The measure of behavior that is expected to change as a result of changes in the independent variable.

Answer 29

Dependent Variable

Question 30

In an experiment, the group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment of interest to the experiment.

Answer 30

Experimental Group

Question 31

A group of employees who do not receive a particular type of training so that their performance can be compared with that of employees who do receive training.

Answer 31

Control Group

Question 32

Research method in which the experimenter either does not manipulate the independent variable or in which subjects are not randomly assigned to conditions.

Answer 32

Quasi-experiments

Question 33

Research that involves the use of previously collected data.

Answer 33

Archival Research

Question 34

Used in meta-analysis, a statistic that indicates the amount of change caused by an experimental manipulation.

Answer 34

Effect Size

Question 35

Used in meta-analysis, a statistic that is the average of the effect sizes for all studies included in the analysis

Answer 35

Mean Effect Size

Question 36

A statistic, resulting from performing a correlation, that indicates the magnitude and direction of a relationship.

Answer 36

Correlation Coefficients

Question 37

A type of effect size used in meta-analysis that is signified how many standard deviations separate the mean score for the experimental group from the control group.

Answer 37

Difference Score

Question 38

The extent to which the results of a study have actual impact on human behavior.

Answer 38

Practical Significance

Question 39

A sample in which every member of the relevant population had an equal chance of being chosen to participate in the study.

Answer 39

Random Sample

Question 40

A nonrandom research sample that is used because it is easily available.

Answer 40

Convenience sample

Question 41

The random, unbiased assignment of subjects in a research sample to the various experimental and control conditions.

Answer 41

Random Assignment

Question 42

Informing the subject in an experiment about the purpose of the study in which he or she was a participant and providing any other relevant information.

Answer 42

Debriefed

Question 43

A statistical procedure used to measure the relationship between two variables.

Answer 43

Correlation

Question 44

A third variable that can often explain the relationship between two other variables.

Answer 44

Intervening Variable