Chapter 1

Question 1

investigates body structure
and the term means to dissect

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

investigates processes and functions

Answer 2

physiology

Question 3

(Types of Physiology) : studies body organ-systems

Answer 3

systemic physiology

Question 4

(Types of Physiology) : studies body cells

Answer 4

cellular physiology

Question 5

(Types of Anatomy) : studies body organ-systems

Answer 5

systemic anatomy

Question 6

(Types of Anatomy) : studies body regions (medical schools)

Answer 6

regional anatomy

Question 7

(Types of Anatomy) : studies external features, for example, bone
projections

Answer 7

surface anatomy

Question 8

six level of structural and functional organizatio

Answer 8

Chemical - Cellular - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism

Question 9

(Types of Anatomy) : using technologies (x-rays, ultrasound, MRI)

Answer 9

Anatomical imaging

Question 10

(Types of Physiology) : studies the human organism

Answer 10

human physiology

Question 11

smallest level
of organization. it includes atoms, chemical bonds, molecules

Answer 11

chemical organization

Question 12

basic unit of matter

Answer 12

atom

Question 13

basic unit of life

Answer 13

cell

Question 14

group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substances they release

Answer 14

tissues

Question 15

two or more tissue types acting together to perform function(s)

Answer 15

organs

Question 16

group of organs contributing to some function

Answer 16

organ-system

Question 17

all organ systems working together

Answer 17

organisms

Question 18

functional interrelationships between parts

Answer 18

organization

Question 19

sum of all chemical and physical changes sustaining an organism. the ability to acquire and use energy in support of these
changes

Answer 19

metabolism

Question 20

ability to sense and respond to environmental changes. it includes both internal and external environments

Answer 20

responsiveness

Question 21

ability to increase in size

Answer 21

growth

Question 22

changes in form and size. changes in cell structure and function from
generalized to specialized—differentiation.

Answer 22

development

Question 23

formation of new cells or new organisms ; generation of new individuals
; tissue repair

Answer 23

reproduction

Question 24

maintenance of constant internal environment despite
fluctuations in the external or internal environment

Answer 24

homeostasis

Question 25

_____________ is the main mechanism used homeostatic regulation.

Answer 25

Negative feedback

Question 26

(components of feedback) : detects changes in variable

Answer 26

Receptor

Question 27

(components of feedback) : receives receptor signal ; establishes set point ; sends signal to effector

Answer 27

control center

Question 28

(components of feedback) : directly causes change in variable

Answer 28

Effector

Question 29

________________ mechanisms occur when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response

Answer 29

Positive feedback

Question 30

person standing erect with face and palms forward ; all relational descriptions based on the anatomical position, regardless of body orientation

Answer 30

Anatomical position

Question 31

(directional terms) : above

Answer 31

superior

Question 32

(directional terms) : below

Answer 32

inferior

Question 33

(directional terms) : front

Answer 33

anterior / ventral

Question 34

(directional terms) : back

Answer 34

posterior / dorsal

Question 35

(directional terms) : close to midline

Answer 35

medial

Question 36

(directional terms) : away from midline

Answer 36

lateral

Question 37

close to point of attachment

Answer 37

proximal

Question 38

far from point of attachment

Answer 38

distal

Question 39

structure close to the surface

Answer 39

superficial

Question 40

structure toward the inferior of the body

Answer 40

deep

Question 41

separates the body into right and left parts

Answer 41

Sagittal plane

Question 42

a sagittal plane along the midline that divides body into equal left and right halves

Answer 42

Median plane

Question 43

a horizontal plane that separates the body into superior and inferior parts.

Answer 43

Transverse plane

Question 44

a vertical plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Answer 44

Frontal plane

Question 45

body region in upper arm, forearm, wrist, hand

Answer 45

upper limb

Question 46

body region in thigh, lower leg, ankle, foot

Answer 46

lower limb

Question 47

body region in head, neck, trunk

Answer 47

central region

Question 48

space within chest wall and diaphragm ; contains heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea

Answer 48

thoracic cavity

Question 49

space between lungs ; contains heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea

Answer 49

mediastinum

Question 50

between diaphragm and pelvis ; contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys

Answer 50

abdominal cavity

Question 51

space within pelvis ; contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of large intestine

Answer 51

Pelvic cavity

Question 52

Line trunk cavities, cover organs

Answer 52

serous membrane

Question 53

membrane that covers organs

Answer 53

visceral serous membrane

Question 54

outer membrane

Answer 54

parietal serous membrane

Question 55

a fluid-filled space between the membranes

Answer 55

cavity

Question 56

membrane around heart

Answer 56

Pericardium

Question 57

membrane around lungs

Answer 57

pleura

Question 58

membrane around abdominopelvic cavity and its organs

Answer 58

peritoneum