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IS230 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what types of databases does traditional applications have?

A

numeric and textual databases.

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2
Q

stock administration is an example of….

A

numeric and textual databases used in traditional databases

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3
Q

spotify and youtube are examples of ___________ databases.

A

multimedia

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4
Q

GIS stands for….

A

Geographic Information Systems

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5
Q

Name 3 types of databases used in recent applications:

A
  • multimedia databases
  • geographical information systems
  • biological and genome databases
  • data warehouses
  • mobile databases
  • real-time and active databases
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6
Q

Data that resides on the “cloud” means

A

it is in huge data centers using thousands of machines

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7
Q

a collection of related data.

A

database

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8
Q

known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning.

A

data

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9
Q

a software package/system to facilitate the creation and maintenance of a computerized database.

A

Database Management System (DBMS)

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10
Q

the DMBS software together with the data itself. (Sometimes, the applications are also included.

A

Database System

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11
Q

A database system is composed of ________ and _________.

A

the DBMS, the data itself.

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12
Q

T/F: Student grades and transcripts at a university is an example of a mini-world

A

true.

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13
Q

some part of the real world about which data is stored in a database.

A

mini-world

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14
Q

A database has a ______, a ______, and an __________ as its implicit properties.

A

source, form, audience.

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15
Q

T/F: Changes to the miniworld are reflected in the database.

A

true.

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16
Q

T/F: A random assortment of data can be referred to as a database.

A

false, it cannot be referred to as a database.

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17
Q

T/F: A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning.

A

true.

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18
Q

T/F: A database does not have an intended group of users.

A

false, it has an intended group of users

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19
Q

T/F: A database is designed, built, and populated with data for a general purpose.

A

false, for a specific purpose

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20
Q

T/F: A database has a specific size and complexity.

A

false, it can be of any size and complexity.

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21
Q

A simplified database system environment includes the ______, and the ____________.

A

database system, DBMS software.

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22
Q

The DBMS software includes two kind of software one to _____________, and one to ___________.

A

process queries/programs, access stored data.

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23
Q

What are the two kinds of databases that the DBMS software accesses?

A

the stored database, and the stored database definition (Meta-Data)

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24
Q

T/F: the DBMS doesn’t have to deal with the authorization of users to allow them access to data.

A

false, DBMS must not allow unauthorized users to access data.

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25
Q

T/F: the DBMS must keep up with changing user requirements against the database.

A

true

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26
Q

T/F: Defining a particular database in terms of its data types, structures, and constraints is one of the typical DBMS functions.

A

true

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27
Q

_______ or ________ the initial database contents on a secondary storage medium is one of the typical DBMS functions.

A

Constructing, loading

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28
Q

T/F: Manipulating the database, one of the typical DBMS functions, includes retrieval, modification, and accessing the database through web applications.

A

true.

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29
Q

_______ and ________ by a set of concurrent users and applications programs, is one of the typical functions of the DBMS.

A

Processing, sharing.

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30
Q

The data that is being processing and shared in a DBMS by concurrent users and application programs must all be ______ and _______.

A

valid, consistent.

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31
Q

Applications interact with a database by generating ________ and ___________.

A

queries, transcations.

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32
Q

an executing program that forms a logical unit of database processing.

A

transcations

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33
Q

T/F: transcations include only one of database access operations including insertion, deletion, modification or retrieval operations.

A

false, one or more.

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34
Q

transcations need to be ________ or _______.

A

committed, aborted.

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34
Q

T/F: DBMS may additionally provide protection or security measures to prevent unauthorized access.

A

true.

34
Q

DBMS Protection includes: ________ against hardware or software malfunction (or crashes), and ___________ against unauthorized or malicious access.

A

System protection, security protection

34
Q

Other DBMS functions includes: Presentation and visualization of _______, and “_____” processing to take internal actions on data.

A

data, “active”.

34
Q

the maintenance of the database and associated programs over the lifetime of the database application. By allowing the system to evolve as requirements change overtime.

A

database, software, and system maintenance

34
Q

database manipulation involves _________ and _______.

A

querying, updating.

34
Q

Retrieving the transcript- a list of all courses and grades- of ‘Smith’ (in university database example in slides) is an example of a ________.

A

query

34
Q

T/F: Listing the prequisities of the ‘database’ course (in university database example in slides) is an example of a query.

A

true

34
Q

Changing the class of ‘Smith’ to sophomore (in the university database example in slides) is an example of a (query/update).

A

update

34
Q

T/F: Creating a new section for the ‘Database’ course for this semester (in university database example in slides) is an example of a query.

A

false, update

34
Q

Entering a grade of ‘A’ for ‘Smith’ in the ‘Database’ section of last semester (in university database example in slides) is an example of a (query/update).

A

update

34
Q

insulation between programs and data is a one of the main characteristics of ___________.

A

the database approach to data management.

34
Q

T/F: A self-describing nature of a database system is one of the main characteristics of the database approach.

A

true

34
Q

T/F: Program-data independence is not one the main characteristics of the database approach to data management.

A

false, it is.

34
Q

the insulation between programs and data is called

A

Program-data independence

35
Q

T/F: Program-data independence allows changing data structures and storage organization without having to change the DBMS access programs.

A

true

36
Q

T/F: There exists no database systems without a need for meta-data.

A

false, some newer systems such as a few NOSQL systems need no meta-data, they store the data definition within its structure making it self describing.

37
Q

A DBMS ________ stores the description of a particular database. (e.g. data structures, types, and constraints.)

A

catalog

38
Q

the description that the DBMS catalog stores is called

A

meta-data

39
Q

T/F: The DBMS catalog allows the DBMS software to work with different database applications.

A

true.

40
Q

T/F: Data Abstraction is one of the main characterstistics of the database approach.

A

true

41
Q

A data model is used to hide storage details and present the users with a conceptual view of the database.

A

data abstraction

42
Q

T/F: Programs refer to the data model constructs rather than data storage details in data abstraction.

A

true

43
Q

T/F: Support of multiple views of the data is one of the main characteristics of the database approach.

A

true

44
Q

T/F: In a database approach, Each user may see a different view of the database, which describes ONLY the data of interest to that user.

A

true

45
Q

T/F: Sharing of data and multi-user transaction processing is one of the main characteristics of the database approach.

A

true

46
Q

In a database approach, a set of ____ users are allowed to retrieve from and to update the database.

A

concurrent

47
Q

__________ within the DBMS guarantees that each transcation is correctly executed or aborted.

A

concurreny control

48
Q

_________ subsystem ensures each completed transaction has its effect permanently recorded in the database.

A

recovery

49
Q

______ is a major part of database applications. this allows hundeds of concurrent transactions to execute per second.

A

OLTP

50
Q

Database Users can be divided into those who ___________ and those who ___________.

A

those who actually use and control the database content, and those who design, develop and maintain database applications

51
Q

T/F: Those who design and develop the DBMS software and related tools, and the computer systems are called actors on the scene

A

false, workers behind the scene

52
Q

Those who actually use and control the database content, and design, develop and maintain database applications are called

A

Actors on the Scene

53
Q

Actors on the Scene include the Database _________, and Database __________.

A

adminstrators, designers

54
Q

(Database administrators/Database Designers) Responsible for authorizing access to the database, for coordinating and monitoring its use, acquiring software and hardware resources, controlling its use and monitoring efficiency of operations.

A

Databse administrators

55
Q

(Database administrators/Database Designers) Responsible to define the content, the structure, the constraints, and functions or transactions against the database. They must communicate with the end-users and understand their needs.

A

database designers

56
Q

they use the data for queries, reports, and some of them update the database content.

A

end-users

57
Q

End-users can be catagorized into: ________, , ___________, _________, and ________.

A

casual, naive (or parametric), sophisticated, stand-alone.

58
Q

(casual/naive or parametric) end users access database occasionally when needed, typically middle- or high-level managers.

A

casual

59
Q

(casual/naive or parametric) end users make up a large section of the end-user population.

A

naive or parametric

60
Q

(casual/naive or parametric) end users use previously well-defined functions in the form of “canned transcations” against the database.

A

naive or parametric

61
Q

users of mobile apps mostly fall in the category of (casual/naive or parametric) end users.

A

naive or parametric

62
Q

T/F: Bank-tellers or reservation clerks are parametric users
who do this activity for an entire shift of operations.

A

true

63
Q

(Sophisticated/Stand-alone) end users include business analysts, scientists, engineers,
and others thoroughly familiar with the DBMS capabilities.

A

sophisticated end users

64
Q

T/F: Many Stand-Alone end users use tools in the form of software packages that work closely with the stored database, in order to implement their own applications to meet their complex requirements

A

false, sophisticated end users.

65
Q

(Sophisticated/Stand-alone) end users Mostly maintain personal databases using ready-to-use packaged applications.

A

Stand-Alone

66
Q

T/F: An example of a Stand-Alone End user is the user of a tax program that creates its own internal database.

A

true

67
Q

T/F: An Example of a Sophisticated end-user is a user that maintains a database of personal photos and videos.

A

false, Stand-Alone.

68
Q

List 3 points: When not to use a DBMS?

A
  • When a DBMS may be unnecessary
  • When no DBMS may suffice
  • When a DBMS may be infeasible
  • Main inhibitors (costs) of using a DBMS
69
Q

T/F: System Analysts and Application Developers, Application Programmers, Business Analysts are examples of actors behind the scene.

A

false, actors on the scene.

70
Q

T/F: System Analysts understand the user requirements of naïve AND sophisticated users and design applications including canned transactions to meet those requirements.

A

true

71
Q

T/F: DBMS System Designers and Implementors, Tool Developers, Operators and Maintenance Personnel are examples of actors behind the scene.

A

true

IS230 (13 decks)

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