Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

Study of structure (Form)

Question 2

What is Physiology?

Answer 2

Study of FUNCTION

Question 3

What is Cytology?

Answer 3

Study of Cells

Question 4

What is Histology?

Answer 4

Study of Tissues

Question 5

What is the Organizational Structure of life?

Answer 5

Atoms-Molecules-Organelles-Cells-Tissues-Organ-Organ System-Organism

Question 6

What are tissues?

Answer 6

Group of cells that have similar function

Question 7

What are atoms?

Answer 7

Smallest part of anything and can not be broken down

Question 8

What are molecules?

Answer 8

2+ atoms bonded together

Question 9

What are organelles?

Answer 9

structure that has one or more job to perform in a cell

Question 10

What are cells?

Answer 10

Smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life’s processes

Question 11

What are organs?

Answer 11

Collection of tissues that form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular task

Question 12

What is an organ system?

Answer 12

Group of organs that work together in the body to perform a complex function

Question 13

What is an organism?

Answer 13

a living being that has a cellular structure and can independently perform all functions necessary for life

Question 14

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 14

Maintaining Boundaries/ Movement/ Responsiveness/ Digestion/ Metabolism/Excretion/ Reproduction/ Growth/

Question 15

What does maintaining boundaries mean?

Answer 15

Cell membranes and the skin helps to protect living things from invasion of foreign substances from the outside

Question 16

What does Responsiveness mean?

Answer 16

The ability of an organism to sense and react to stimuli

Question 17

What does Movement mean?

Answer 17

Movements can be either from place to place or movement of substances internally peristalsis or blood within vessels

Question 18

What does Digestion mean?

Answer 18

Being able to break down the food products that are ingested

Question 19

What does Metabolism mean?

Answer 19

Sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the organism

Question 20

What are the two types of metabolism?

Answer 20

Anabolism and Catabolism

Question 21

What is Anabolism?

Answer 21

Type of Metabolism: Complex molecules formed from simpler ones

Question 22

What is Catabolism?

Answer 22

Type of Metabolism: Complex molecules are broken into simpler ones

Question 23

What is excretion?

Answer 23

The removal of wastes from the tissues and their elimination from the body

Question 24

What is Reproduction?

Answer 24

All living organisms can produce copies of themselves and genetic information and traits to their offspring

Question 25

What is Growth?

Answer 25

An increase in size

Question 26

What are the parts of Homeostatic Mechanism?

Answer 26

Receptor, Integrating (control) Center, Effector

Question 27

What is the Receptor?

Answer 27

Structure that sense a change in the body

Question 28

What is the Integrating( Control) Center?

Answer 28

Mechanism that processes the information and initiates the response

Question 29

What is the effector?

Answer 29

Structure that carries out the response that restores homeostasis

Question 30

What is homeostasis?

Answer 30

Helps maintain a steady stable environment

Question 31

What is Negative Feedback?

Answer 31

The fundamental mechanism that keeps a variable close to its set point

Question 32

What is an example of negative feedback?

Answer 32

Turning off the furnace

Question 33

What is Positive Feedback?

Answer 33

Self-Amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction

Question 34

What is an example of Positive Feedback?

Answer 34

Oxytocin production during childbirth and platelet aggregation

Question 35

What is the Axial Region?

Answer 35

Head, Neck, Trunk

Question 36

What is the Appendicular Region?

Answer 36

Appednages: Upper and Lower Limbs

Question 37

What is the Anatomical Position?

Answer 37

Body is erect and feet are flat on the floor and close together, head and palms facing to the front

Question 38

What are the Anatomical Planes?

Answer 38

Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse

Question 39

What is the Sagittal plane?

Answer 39

Passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into right and left portions

Question 40

What is the Frontal plane?

Answer 40

Extends vertically, separating the body into anterior and posterior sections

Question 41

What is the Transverse plane?

Answer 41

Divides the body into superior and inferior

Question 42

What is Homeostatic Imbalance?

Answer 42

Any condition where homeostasis is upset and balance is out of range and can lead to a diseased state

Question 43

What are the survival needs?

Answer 43

Nutrients, Water, Oxygen, Normal Body Temperature, Atmospheric Temperature

Question 44

What are the body cavities?

Answer 44

Dorsal, Ventral, Thoracic, Abdominopelvic

Question 45

What is the Dorsal Body Cavity?

Answer 45

Cranial and Vertebral cavities

Question 46

What is the Ventral Body Cavity?

Answer 46

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities

Question 47

What is the Thoracic Cavity?

Answer 47

Mediastinum (Heart), Pleural Cavities (Lungs)

Question 48

What is the Abdominopelvic Cavity?

Answer 48

Digestive Viscera, Urinary, Reproductive Organs

Question 49

What are Serous Membranes?

Answer 49

Double layered membranes that have a thin layer of serous fluid (secreted by the cells of the membrane)

Question 50

What are the two layers of the Serous Membranes?

Answer 50

Inner Layer: Visceral, lines the organ Outer Layer: Parietal, lines the inner surface of the cavity that the organ is contained within

Question 51

What is the purpose of the serous membranes?

Answer 51

To reduce friction caused by organs that produce movement

Question 52

What are the major serous membranes?

Answer 52

Pericardium, Pleurae, Peritoneum

Question 53

What is the Pericardium?

Answer 53

Surrounds the heart

Question 54

What is the Pleurae?

Answer 54

Surrounds the lungs

Question 55

What is the Peritoneum

Answer 55

Surrounds most of the digestive organs

Question 56

What are the Directional terms?

Answer 56

Superior, Inferior, Ventral, Dorsal, Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral, Proximal, Distal, Superficial, Deep

Question 57

Scientific Method Essay

Answer 57

Observation: Put bread in the toaster and it doesn't toast Question: Why won't my bread toast Hypothesis: The outlet is broken Make prediction: If I plus toaster into different outlet then the toaster will work Test Prediction: Plug toaster into different outlet and try again Iterate: Hypothesis right: Bread got toasted Hypothesis wrong: Bread did not get toasted