Chapter 1-14 Flashcards
(174 cards)
1
Q
At what layer of the OSI are Bits located and specifies pinout of cables,wire speed, and voltage?
A
Physical Layer
2
Q
At what layer of the OSI does framing occur?
A
Data Link Layer
3
Q
At what layer of the OSI does routing occur?
A
Network Layer
4
Q
At what layer of the OSI is responsible for end to end connections?
A
Transport
5
Q
At what layer of the OSI is responsible for dialog control?
A
Session
6
Q
At what layer of the OSI is responsible for data encryption, compression,code formatting and translation services ?
A
Presentation
7
Q
At what layer of the OSI is responsible for File,print,message,database,and application services?
A
Application
8
Q
What layers of the OSI are responsible how data is transferred through a physical wire or through switches and routers(end to end)?
A
Physical, Data Network,Transport
9
Q
At what layer of the OSI combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames, provides access to media using MAC addresses, and performs error detection not correction?
A
Data Link
10
Q
What layer of the OSI provides logical addressing, which routers use for path determination?
A
Network
11
Q
What layer of the OSI provides reliable and unreliable delivery, performs error dection before re-transmitting?
A
Transport
12
Q
What layers are responsible for defining how the apps within the end station wil communicate with each other and with users?
A
Application, Presentation,Session
13
Q
what are the three modes of the session layer?
A
simplex, half-duplex, and full duplex
14
Q
What layer is responsible for flow control?
A
Transport
15
Q
What is the quantity of data segments(measured in bytes) that the transmitting machine is able to send without receiving an acknowledgement for them?
A
Window
16
Q
What are protocols that are used to support data traffic (used to transport user data through the inter-network)?
A
Routed Protocols
ex: IP and IPv6
17
Q
What are protocols that send route update packets (used to update neighboring routers about the networks connection to all routers in that inter-network)?
A
Routing Protocols
ex: RIP, RIPv2, EIGRP,OSPGF
18
Q
The data link layer formats data into pieces called what?
A
data frames
19
Q
What are the IEEE Ethernet Data Link layer sublayers?
A
Media Access Control(MAC, 802.3), and Logical Link Control (LLC 802.2)
20
Q
Which of the 2 IEEE Ethernet Data Link layer sublayers defines how packets are placed on media?
A
Media Access Control 802.3
21
Q
Which of the 2 IEEE Ethernet Data Link layer sublayers is responsible for identifying network protocols and then encapsulating them and uses service access points?
A
Logical Link Control 802.2
22
Q
At what layer does Hubs and Repeaters operate?
A
Physical
23
Q
What layer does switches and bridges operate?
A
Data link
24
Q
What layer do Routers operate?
A
Network
25
What layer is represented by frames?
data link layer frames packets recieved by network layer?
26
What layer is represented by segments?
Transport
27
What layer is represented by packets?
network
28
what is the order of encapsulation?
data,segments,packets,frames,bits
29
which layer segments and reassembles data into a data stream?
Transport
30
what is the bit length and expression form of a mac address?
48 bits (6 bytes) expressed as hexadecimal
31
What devices use hardware addresses to filter the network?
Switches and bridges
32
What layers are Ethernet defined?
Physical and data link
33
what layers use logical addressing?
Network
34
Hardware addresses are found in what layer?
Data Link (MAC layer)
35
What device creates one big collision domain and one large broadcast domain?
Hub
36
What devices creates many smaller collision domains but the network is still one large broad cast domain?
Switch or Bridge
37
What device could never run full duplex?
Hub
38
What devices breaks up both collision and broadcast domains?
Routers
39
what type of RJ45 UTP cabling is used from switch to switch?
Crossover Cable
40
what type of RJ45 UTP cabling is used to connect PC Com ports to a router or a switch console port?
Rolled Cable
41
Straight through Cables are used to connect what?
Host to switch or Hub
| Router to switch or hub
42
Three types of Ethernet Cables?
Straight through, Crossover, and Rolled
43
Crossover cable can be used to connect what?
switch to switch, hub to hub, host to host, hub to switch, Router direct to host
44
Rolled Cables are used for what?
connect a host to a router console serial communication port
45
De-encapsulation order?
bits,frames, packets, segments, data
46
Cisco 3 layers of hierarchy?
The core layer(backbone), the distribution layer aka workgroup layer(Routing), and The access layer(Switching)
47
What is a network collection of devices in which one particular device sends a paket on a network segment forcing the other devices on that same segment to pay attention to it?
Collision domain
48
What is a set of all devices on a network segment hear all broadcasts sent on that segment?
Broadcast domain
49
What determines a path of a packet through the network?
Routing protocols
50
What is assigned to an interface and determines the method of packet delivery?
Routed protocols
51
How does inter vlan communication takes place?
Router or layer 3 switch
52
What is Cisco's proprietary frame taging method?
ISL (inter-switch link)
53
What is the IEEE(open source) frame tagging method?
802.1Q
54
Which switching technology reduces the size of a broadcast domain?
VLANs
55
What is the main purpose for creating VLANs?
To break up broadcast domains at layer 2
56
What are the advantages of LAN segmentation?
more bandwidth is provided to each user
57
What is used to carry VLANs information between switches?
Trunk Links
58
Access link carry traffic for what how many VLANS?
1
59
What command is used to show the hostname resolved to an ip address in a router?
sho hosts
60
What command copies a routers configs stored in TFTP host to NVRAM?
copy tftp start
61
what two commands are used to copy configs from tftp hosts to a CISCO router's DRAM?
config network, and copy tftp running-config
62
Which memory in a cisco's router stores packet buffers and routing tables?
RAM
63
What command loadsa new version of cisco IOS into a router?
copy tftp flash
64
Which command shows you the IOS version running on a router?
sh version
65
Which command saves the configs stored in RAM to NVRAM?
copy running-config startup-config/copy run start
66
Whichswiching mode provides error free transport to the networks?
Store and forward
67
What command displays cisco Discovery Protocol adjacencies?
show cdp neighbor
68
what command will sho you a directly connected router's interface ip address?
show cdp neighbor detail
69
Class C private ip address range?
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
70
What is used to store packet buffers and routing tables, among other things?
RAM
71
copy run start copies the config store in _____ to ______?
RAM to NVRAM
72
What command keeps multiple telnet sessions open?
CTRL+Shift+6 then X
73
The boot system tftp IOS name TRTP_server_address command will load an__________image file from a _______server when the router is reloaded.
IOS, TFTP
74
administrative distance for EIGRP, unknown, extended EIGRP, OSPF,and IGRP, RIP,static,and connected interface?
Connected Interface (0),Static(1 default)EIGRP(90) IGRP(100) OSPF(110) RIP(120) EIGRP extended(170) Unknown (255)
75
Which protocol resolves Ethernet address(MAC) to ip?
RARP
76
Which protocol resolves IP to Ethernet address(MAC) ?
ARP
77
3 types of Flowcontrol?
Windowing, Buffering, and congestion avoidance
78
What is the purpose of flow control?
provides means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender
79
What two protocols are in the transport layer?
TCP and UDP
80
What routed/routing protocols fall in the network layers?
Routed: ip ipx ipv6
Routing: RIP RIPv2 OSPF EIGRP
81
4 Functions of a router?
```
Packet switching
Packet filtering (using access lists)
Internetwork communication (connecting 2 or more networks together and use logical addressing, IP or IPV6)
Path selection (using routing tables)
```
82
Differences between UdP and TCP?
UDP: Connectionless, unreliable,unsequenced, no acknowledgements low over head, no windowing or flow control
TCP: connection oriented, reliable,sequenced, acknowledgements, virtual circuit, Windowing flow control
83
Define TCP Port numbers!
Telnet(23), SMTP(25), HTTP(80), FTP(21), DNS(53), HTTPS(443), DOOM(666)
84
Define UDP Port Numbers!
SNMP(161), TFTP(69), DNS(53), pop3(110), News(119)
85
Name the protocols for DOD model layer Internet.
IP.ICMP, ARP, RARP,Proxy ARP
86
What are the protocol number for ICMP?
1
87
What are the protocol number for IP in iptunneling?
4
88
What are the protocol number for Igrp?
9
89
What are the protocol number for EIGRP?
88
90
What are the protocol number for OSPF?
89
91
What are the protocol number for IPV6?
41
92
What are the protocol number for GRE?
47
93
What are the protocol number for Layer 2 tunneling L2TP?
115
94
Class A ip range?
0-127
95
Class B ip range?
128-191
96
Class C ip range?
192-223
97
Class D ip range?
224-255(Multicast)
98
Class E ip range?
240-255 (Scientific purpose)
99
What ip is reserved for loopback tests?
127.0.0.1
100
An network address of all 0s indicate what?
designates the default route
101
Class A reserved address space.
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
102
Class B reserved address space.
172.16.0.0 -172.31.255.255
103
Class C reserved address space.
192.168.0.0. - 192.168.255.255
104
What command allows a router interface to recieve route updates but not send them out the same interface?
Passive-interface command
105
T/F Wireless technologies can replace some WAN services?
True
106
What is the purpose of ISL and 802.1Q frame tagging?
to provide interswitch VLAN comms
107
What command takes you from priveledge EXEC mode to user EXEC mode?
disable
108
In setup dialog, what do the square brackets indicate?
Default settings or valid selections
109
What should the config register's value be after u successfully complete a password recovery procedure and return the router to normal operation?
0x2102 (NVRAM)
110
What protocol does frame relay use to send packets through the switch?
LAPF
111
What will stop network loops from occuring in distance-vector networks by setting a downed link to a distance of infinity?
Route posioning
112
What is used with holddowns to tell neighbor routers about a change in the network?
triggered updates
113
You need to add 7 more sites to your corporate network but have no free serial ports. What WAN protocol will you use?
Frame Relay
114
on a typical Frame Relay Wan link how is clocking provided on a routers serial interface?
CSU/DSU
115
How often are BPDUs broadcast by default?
every 2 seconds
116
What is the configuration register for 0x2101 do?
Boots IOS from ROM
117
What are the typical layer 2 serial encapulation?
HDLC, P, and Frame relay
118
How many pair wires doe cisco say half duplex use? Full Duplex?
Half=one Full=two
119
what is the standard access list range and what do ip standard access lists filter on?
1-99 and 1300-1999, source ip address
120
What mode can help you quickly configure a router?
setup
121
What is the max hop count of IGRP and eIGRP?
255
122
What protocol reduces admin overhead in a switched network by allowing the config of a new vLAN to be distributed to all the switched in a domain?
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
123
What is a command set once and affects the entire router?
Global command
124
Causes of LAN congestion?
```
Too many hosts in a broadcast domain
.Multicasting
.Low bandwidth
.Adding hubs for connectivity to the network
. Lots of ARP or IPX traffic
```
125
what is : A conceptual blue print of how communications should take place, addressing all the processes required for effective communications and divides these processes into logical groupings called layers, AKA layered architecture?
Reference Model
126
What 4 devices operate at all 7 layers of the OSI model?
Network management stations (NMSs)
Web and application servers
Gateways (not default gateways)
Network hosts
127
What 3 EIGRP tables are are held in RAM and are updated by the use of hello and update packets?
Routing table, Neighbor table, and Topology table.
128
Do igrp use hops?
No
129
Acknowledgements, sequencing, and flow controls reminds us of what layer?
Transport
130
What command shows the history buffer?
show history
131
What indicates that you are in privileged mode in the router?
#
132
What layer of the OSI defines broadcast domains?
Network
133
Telnet and FTP works on which layer of the osi?
Application
134
Whats the lowest speed avaliable on 5mhz range?
6Mbps
135
What pins are used in an Ethernet straight through cable?
1,2,3,6
136
which WAN technology uses high-quality digital lines and is packet switched?
Frame Relay
137
Quick time, RTF, and Midi are defined at what layer of the OSI?
Presentation
138
What command displays the config register settings?
show version
139
What does IGRP use to calculate best path to a network by default?
Bandwidth and delay of the line
140
Which config register the IOS is in ROM?
0X2101
141
What authentication methods do PPP support?
CHAP, and PAP
142
If you type sh int s 0/0 and the interface is down and the line protocol is up which layer does the problem lie?
Physical
143
What are 2 solutions to network loops with distance vector networks?
Split horizons and hold down timers
144
If you type debug ip rip and see the network has a metric of 16, what does that mean?
Network unreachable
145
What does R mean in a routing table?
A RIP-found route
146
What does S mean in a routing table?
A static Route
147
What does I mean in a routing table?
An IGRP-found route
148
What holdown timer set to by default in IGRP?
280 seconds
149
Which frame relay feature is responsible for transmission keepalives to ensure that the PVC does not shutdown because of inactivity?
LMI
150
The default encapsulation for frame relay on a cisco router?
Cisco
151
Bandwidth for 802.11a
54mbps
152
t/f RIPv2 is classfull
False
153
The process ID in OSPF is locally significant?
True
154
What config register Tells router not to load the startup config in NVRAM but go to set up mode instead- Provide password recovery
0X2142
155
What are 3 classes of routing protocols?
Distance Vector, Link state, Hybrid
156
Which class of routing protocols are also called shortest path first protocols- each router creates 3 tables?
Linkstate
157
Which class routing protocol finds the best path to a remote network by judging distance. The route with the least amount of hops is determined to be the best route?
Distance Vector
158
What is the maximum hop rate for RIP?
15
159
what is routing information cannot be sent back in the direction from which it was received?
Split horizon
160
What advertises a network as 16 or unreachable?
Route posioning
161
What prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that is going up and down (Flapping)- Prevents routes from changing too rapidly by allowing time for either the downed route to come back up or the network to stabilize before changing to the next best route?
Hold downs
162
Is RIPv1 class full?
yes
163
How often do the router sends a complete copy of its routing table out to all neighbors?
every 30 seconds
164
A router invalid timer is sent after how long if it hasn’t heard any updates from a particular route for that period of time?
180 seconds
165
What sets 180 seconds for which the router information is suppressed?
Hold down timers
166
What sets 240 seconds between a route becoming invalid and its removal from the routing table?
Routing Flush Timer
167
– 5 passwords are used to secure Cisco routers?
Enable password-used to set the password that’s used to secure privileged mode
Enable secret- used to set the password that’s used to secure privileged mode
Console- sets a console user mode password.
Auxiliary- sets user mode password for auxiliary ports. Used for modems and consoles
Vty(telnet)-sets telnet password on the router(user mode). If this password is not set, then telnet cannot be used by default
168
What are the router modes?
(>)User EXEC mode – provides a command line interface-limited to basic monitoring commands-view statistics-A stepping stone to logging into privileged mode
(#)Privileged EXEC mode – Provides access to all other router commands-Can view and change the configuration of Cisco
(config)#Global configuration mode- commands that are set only once and affect the entire system (changes running configs)
(config-if)#Specific configuration mode- Commands that affect interfaces/processes only
Setup mode-Interactive configuration dialog
169
What are the 802.11 standards?
IEEE 802.11a-54Mbs, 5GHz standard
IEEE 802.11b-Enhanced to 802.11 to support 5.5 and 11Mbps
IEEE 802.11g-54Mbps, 2.4GHz standard (backward compatibility with 802.11b)
IEEE802.11n-Higher throughput improvements using MIMO(multiple input, multiple output antennas)
170
Whats DCE and DTE?
IEEE 802.11a-54Mbs, 5GHz standard
IEEE 802.11b-Enhanced to 802.11 to support 5.5 and 11Mbps
IEEE 802.11g-54Mbps, 2.4GHz standard (backward compatibility with 802.11b)
IEEE802.11n-Higher throughput improvements using MIMO(multiple input, multiple output antennas)
171
What is the successor to x.25?
Frame relay
172
What congestion bit is used when the switch detects congestion in the Frame Relay network?
it will set the BECN (Backward Explicit Congestion Notification)bit in a frame destined for the source router, telling the router of the congestion ahead.
173
Whats congestion bit is used When the Frame relay network finds congestion in the cloud?
, the switch will set the FECN bit to 1 in a frame relay packet header telling the destination DTE that the path the frame just crossed is congested
174
If any provider’s network is congested at the time any packets exceeding the CIR, they are eligible to be discarded which congestion bits is used?
DE Discard Eligibility
