Chapter 1 Flashcards
(38 cards)
RDA of copper
1.5- 3mg /day
RDA of phosphorus
500mg/day
Tetany
Level less than 7.5 mg/dl
-chovatek sign and trousseu’s sign are positive
Hypocalcemia
Level less than 8.5mg/dl
Causes; Vit-D deficiency
PTH deficiency
Hypercalcemia
Level greater than 11mg/dl
Causes; -HyerPTHism
-Multiple myeloma
-Pagets disease
-Addisons disease
-Thyrotoxicosis
Estimation of calcium done by
1)Cpc-cresolpthalein complexone
2)arzenzo dye
Commercially-ISE ipn selective electrode
Functions of calcium
Nemonic; BCCI Men Have Hearts
-Bone and teeth
-Conduction
-Coagulation
-integrity or membrane permeability
-secondary messenger
-activation of enzymes
-muscle contraction
Factors decreasing calcium absorption
- Phytic acid
2.oxalates
3.malabsorption syndrome
4.phosphate
Normal calcium level in blood
9-11mg/dl
Daily requirement of calcium?
Adult-100mg/dl
Children-750mg/dl
Copper RDA
1.5 - 3 mg/day
Functions of copper
-mitochondrial energy production
-collagen formation and maturation
-mobilisation of Fe
-Dopamine formation in CNS
-Melanin synthesis
-Antioxidant
-Regulation of expression of several genes
-diseases:Alzheimers disease
Diseases associated with copper
-Aceruloplasmin
-cardiovascular diseases
-melanin
-copper deficiency anemia
-menkes kinky hair syndrome
-copper toxicity
Excretion of cu
Mainly through bile (urine doesn’t have Cu normally
Functions of copper
1.mitochondrial energy production
2.collagen formation and maturation
3. Mobilisation of Fe
4. Dopamine formation in CNS
5.Melanin synthesis
6.Antioxidant
7.regulation pf expression of several genes
8.Diseases-Alzeimers
Wilsons disease
Decreased ceruloplasmin levels
-Hepatolenticular degeneration
Aceruloplasmin
Level of Cp congenitally low
- Fe is not utilised properly: accumulates in liver,brian,pancreas
-neurological symptoms are seen
Menkeys kinky hair syndrome
Alpha linked decect
-absence of Cu binding ATPase ; as Cu absorbed cannot be transported to blood
-defective cross linking of connective tissues
Treatment of menke’s kinky hair disease
Injection of Cu+2 salts
Important trace element in the body
Iron
Total iron content in the body
3-5g
RDA of iron
Man and postmenopausal women: 10-20mg/day
Premenopausal and pregnant: 20-40mg/day
Factors increasing iron absorption
-HCl, vit C, amino acids(cysteine) - reduces ferric to ferrous
-Fe+2 itself
Factors decreasing iron absorption
-phytic acid
-oxalic acid
-Ca,Cu,Pb,phosphorus
