Chapter 1

Question 1

What are five characteristics of all living organisms?

Answer 1

made up of cells, reproduce, product of evolution and continue to evolve, contain hereditary information, acquire and use energy

Question 2

what is the scientific method?

Answer 2

deliberate way of asking and answering questions about natural world

Question 3

what is a theory?

Answer 3

proposed explanation for broad patterns in nature heavily supported by extensive evidence

Question 4

step-by-step of scientific method

Answer 4

observations - question - hypothesis - prediction - experiments - conclusion

Question 5

what is a hypothesis?

Answer 5

tentative explanation that makes predictions

Question 6

why can we not be 100% sure of hypothesis?

Answer 6

cannot be proven because we can only take a sample of all the specimen in the world

Question 7

what are controlled experiments?

Answer 7

setup and conditions are kept constant as possible

Question 8

what is a control group?

Answer 8

group with expected response, used for comparison

Question 9

what is experimental/test group?

Answer 9

group where an independent variable is changed

Question 10

what are three theories that unify biology

Answer 10

cell theory, gene theory, evolution

Question 11

what is cell theory?

Answer 11

every living organism is made up of cells, cells have dff structures and functions, every cell comes from a pre-existing cell, cells are most smallest basic unit of life

Question 12

what characteristics do all cells share?

Answer 12

cytoplasm, cell membrane, all cells have ability to harness energy from enviro., ribosomes, all cells can store and transmit info for growth, function, repro

Question 13

what is gene theory?

Answer 13

nucleic acids store and transmit info needed for growth, function, reproduction and info can be replicated and passed down from cell to cell or from one organism to its offspring

Question 14

what is evolution?

Answer 14

the change in a population over a long period of time

Question 15

what accounts for the remarkable degree of diversity and unity in all living organisms?

Answer 15

evolution

Question 16

what is unity?

Answer 16

organisms share traits inherited from a common ancestor

Question 17

what is diversity?

Answer 17

organisms differ in traits from natural selection and other mechanisms that lead to change

Question 18

what is descent with modification?

Answer 18

all living organisms share one common ancestor, living species are descendants of ancestral species that are different from present-day ones

Question 19

natural selection is mechanism of evolution by which three ideas?

Answer 19

variation, genetic variability, and differential reproductive success

Question 20

what is variation?

Answer 20

every organism differs in genes/traits from other members of its species

Question 21

what is genetic variability?

Answer 21

variations in genes and traits are heritable and passed down

Question 22

what is differential reproductive success?

Answer 22

some organisms produce more offspring than others due to higher fitness

Question 23

what leads to differential reproductive success?

Answer 23

selective pressures such as predators and environment

Question 24

what is fitness?

Answer 24

ability for organism to survive and reproduce

Question 25

describe process of natural selection

Answer 25

population with varied inherited traits - elimination of individuals with certain traits - survivors reproduce - increased frequency of traits

Question 26

what is overproduction?

Answer 26

every species tends to produce more individuals than can survive to maturity

Question 27

what is variation?

Answer 27

some individuals in a population have differing characteristics

Question 28

what is selection?

Answer 28

some individuals survive longer and reproduce more than others do

Question 29

what is adaptation?

Answer 29

traits that increase fitness or ability of surviving and reproducting individuals will become more common in a population

Question 30

what is artificial selection?

Answer 30

species modified by humans through selection and breeding individuals with desired traits

Question 31

what is a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 31

visual representation used to represent relationship between species through shared ancestors and divergent descendants

Question 32

why are more closely related species more likely to resemble each other than distantly related species?

Answer 32

common ancestor is more recent between closely related species

Question 33

what is speciation?

Answer 33

natural selection that causes species to diverge and form new species

Question 34

what is BECPO OOTCOMA

Answer 34

biosphere - ecosystem - community - population - organism organ system - organ - tissue - cell - organelle - molecule - atom