Chapter 1

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

the systematic study of human society

Question 2

Society

Answer 2

people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture

Question 3

Sociological perspective

Answer 3

seeing the general in the particular

Question 4

Global perspective

Answer 4

study of the larger world and our society’s place in it

Question 5

High-income countries

Answer 5

nations with the highest overall standards of living

Question 6

middle-income countries

Answer 6

nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole

Question 7

low-income countries

Answer 7

nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor

Question 8

positivism

Answer 8

a scientific approach to knowledge based on “positive” facts as opposed to mere speculation

Question 9

Theory

Answer 9

statement of how and why specific facts are related

Question 10

Theoretical approach

Answer 10

basic image of society that guides thinking and research (structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction)

Question 11

Structural-functional

Answer 11

framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability

Question 12

Social structure

Answer 12

any relatively stable pattern of social behavior

Question 13

social functions

Answer 13

the consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole

Question 14

manifest functions

Answer 14

the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern

Question 15

latent functions

Answer 15

the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern

Question 16

Social dysfunction

Answer 16

any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society

Question 17

Social-conflict

Answer 17

framework for building theory that sees society as an arena pf inequality that generates conflict and change

Question 18

gender-conflict theory (feminist theory)

Answer 18

study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men

Question 19

Feminism

Answer 19

support of social equality for women and men, in opposition to patriarchy and sexism

Question 20

race-conflict theory

Answer 20

study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different and ethnic categories

Question 21

macro-level orientation

Answer 21

a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole

Question 22

micro-level orientation

Answer 22

a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations