Chapter 1 - 1491-1607 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Cahokia
One of the largest settlements in the Midwest (near present-day East St. Louis, Illinois) which had around 30,000 inhabitants
Aztecs
A Native American group who dominated Mexico and Central America. The capital had a population of about 200,000
Beringia
The land between Siberia and Alaska that was exposed only during the Ice Age that people walked across to get to the Americas
Clovis Tradition
The Paleo-American culture of Central America and North America; distinguished chiefly by sharp fluted projectile points made of obsidian or chalcedony
Mesoamerica
A region and cultural area in the Americas, extending approximately from central Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries
Rancherias
A small Indian settlement
Reconquista
A series of campaigns by Christian states to recapture territory from the Muslims (Moors), who had occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century
Treaty of Tordesillas
The agreement Spain and Portugal signed in 1494 when they moved the line of demarcation a few degrees to the west
Protestant Reformation
In the early 1500s, certain Christians in Germany, England, France, Holland, and other Northern European countries revolted against the authority of the pope in Rome
Predestination
The Devine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with the regard to the salvation of some and not others
Feudalism
Political and economic system in medieval Europe, in which lesser lords received lands from powerful nobles in exchange for services
Renaissance
A rebirth of classical learning which prompted an outburst of artistic and scientific activity in the 15th and 16th centuries
Encomienda system
Spanish method of taxing Indians or demanding labor in exchange for jobs and protection
Bartolome de las Casas
Spanish priest who was an advocate for better treatment for Indians and persuaded the king to institute the New Laws of 1542
Juan de Sepulveda
Priest who fought against Las Casas in the 1550-1551 Valladolid Debate, saying Indians were less than human and thus benefitted from serving the Spaniards in the econmienda system
Colombian Exchange
A trans-Atlantic trade of animals, plants, and germs
Pueblo
An American Indian settlement of the southwestern US, especially one consisting of multistoried adobe houses in which they lived
Sioux
Originally occupied Minnesota and Wisconsin and later migrated westward to the Great Plains; were the largest tribe of this stock of North American Indians
Apache
A member of a North American Indian people, formerly nomadic and warlike, inhabiting the southwestern US and N Mexico; migrated south from Canada to Texas
Iroquois
A political union of five independent tribes (Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk) who lives in the Mohawk Valley of New York
Algonquin
A member of a North American Indian people living in Canada along the Ottawa River and its tributaries and westward to the north of Lake Superior
Chinook
A member of an American Indian people originally inhabiting the region around the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington
Mestizo
A man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniards and an American Indian
Zambo
Racial terms used in the Spanish and Portuguese Empires to identify individuals in the Americas who are of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry
