Chapter 1 Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
Define human anatomy
A
The study of the form or structure of the human body
2
Q
Define physiology
A
The study of the functions of the components of the human body
3
Q
What is the smallest unit able to carry out the functions of life?
A
A cell
4
Q
Define metabolism. What are the two types?
A
The acquisition and usage of energy to perform tasks.
Anabolism and catabolism
5
Q
Define anabolism
A
A building process of metabolism
Smaller chemicals are combined to form larger ones.
An example is building muscle
6
Q
Define catabolism
A
A breaking down process of metabolism. Larger chemicals are broken down into smaller ones.
An example is digestion
7
Q
What are the characteristics of living organisms?
A
- Composed of one or more cells
- Carries out metabolism
- It grows
- It excretes
- It responds
- It moves
- It reproduces
8
Q
What are the structural levels of organization?
A
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
9
Q
Cephalic
A
Head
10
Q
Cranial
A
Skull
11
Q
Frontal
A
Forehead
12
Q
Ocular
A
Eye
13
Q
Otic
A
Ear
14
Q
Buccal
A
Cheek
15
Q
Nasal
A
Nose
16
Q
Oral
A
Mouth
17
Q
Mental
A
Chin
18
Q
Occipital
A
Back of head
19
Q
Cervical
A
Neck
20
Q
Thoracic
A
Chest
21
Q
Sternal
A
Sternum
22
Q
Vertebral
A
Spinal column
23
Q
Lumbar
A
Lower back
24
Q
Sacral
A
Sacrum
25
Gluteal
Buttocks
26
Abdominal
Abdomin
27
Pelvic
Pelvis
28
Inguinal
Groin
29
Pubic
Pubis
30
Acromial
Point of shoulder
31
Axillary
Arm pit
32
Brachial
Arm
33
Antecubital
Anterior surface of elbow
34
Cubital
Posterior of elbow
35
Antebrachial
Posterior and anterior of forearm
36
Carpal
Wrist
37
Palmar
Palm
38
Manual
Hand
39
Metacarpal
Bones in the hand
40
Pollex
Thumb
41
Digital
Fingers or toes
42
Coxal
Hip
43
Femoral
Thigh
44
Patellar
Anterior surface of the knee
45
Popliteal
Posterior surface of the knee
46
Crural
Anterior shin
47
Sural
Posterior of lower leg
48
Pedal
Foot
49
Tarsal
Ankle
50
Metatarsal
Bones in the foot
51
Hallux
Big toe
52
Plantar
Sole (bottom) of foot
53
What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?
Right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower
54
What does the axial region contain?
Head, neck, and trunk
55
What does the appendicular region contain?
The upper and lower appendages
56
What two main cavities make up the axial region?
Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior)
57
What cavities make up the dorsal region?
Cranial (houses the brain) and the vertebral (houses spinal cord)
58
What cavities make up the ventral cavity?
Thoracic cavity and abdominopelivic cavity
59
What three cavities make up the thoracic cavity?
Pleural cavities (right and left. Houses the lungs)
Pericardial cavity (houses heart. Located within mediastinum)
Mediastinum (where heart, thymus, trachea, and esophagus are located within thoracic cavity)
60
What two cavities make the abdominopelivic cavity?
Abdominal (houses stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small and MOST of the large intestines)
Pelvic cavity ( houses urinary bladder, terminal end of large intestine, and internal reproductive organs)
61
Serous membranes do what?
Line the walls and organs of the ventral (anterior) body cavities. They are thin and secrete serous fluid.
62
What is the purpose of serous fluid?
Acts as a lubricant, and reduces friction
63
Define parietal membranes
They line the walls of the ventral cavities
64
Define visceral membranes
They cover/line the organs within the ventral cavities
65
The parietal pleura ____.
Lines the walls of the pleural cavities
66
The parietal pericardium ____.
Lines the wall of the pericardial cavity
67
The parietal peritoneum ____.
Lines the wall of the abdominopelivic cavity.
68
The visceral pleura ____.
Covers the lungs within the pleural cavities
69
The visceral pleura ____.
Covers the lungs within the pleural cavities
70
The visceral pericardium ____.
Covers the heart within the pericardial cavity.
Also called the epicardium
71
The visceral peritoneum ____.
Covers the organs within the abdominopelivic cavity
72
What are the 9 regions of the abdominopelivic cavity?
Right hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Right iliac
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric
Left hypochondriac
Left lumbar
Left iliac
73
Organs in the right hypochondriac region
Liver and superior portion of right kidney
74
Organs in the right lumbar region
Inferior portion of right kidney and the ascending colon.
75
Organs in the right iliac region
Cecum, ascending colon, and right ovary
76
Organs in the epigastric region
Stomach, liver, adrenal glands, and portion of the pancreas
77
Organs in the umbilical region
Umbilicus, transverse colon, small intestine, portion of pancreas, and the gallbladder
78
Organs in the hypogastric region
Urinary bladder, rectum, small intestine, appendix, and uterus
79
Organs in the left hypochondriac region
Major portion of stomach, spleen, tail of pancreas, and superior portion of left kidney
80
Organs in the left lumbar region
Inferior portion of the left kidney, descending colon, and small intestine
81
Organs in the left iliac region
Small intestine, sigmoid colon, and left ovary
82
List the body planes of section
Saggital (mid and para)
Transverse
Coronal
Cross
Oblique
Longitudinal
83
Define a sagittal plane
Lengthwise cut separating the body into left and right portions
Midsagittal will be equal portions
Parasagittal will be unequal portions
84
Define transverse plane
A horizontal cut made perpendicular to long axis or body part. Separates body into superior and inferior portions
85
Define coronal plane
Also called frontal.
Divides body into anterior and posterior portions
86
Define cross plane
A horizontal cut through a cylindrical body part
87
Define oblique plane
Angular cut through a cylindrical body part
88
Define longitudinal plane
Lengthwise cut through a cylindrical body part
