chapter 1 Flashcards
psychological abnormality
- behaviour, speech, or thought that impairs the ability of a person to function in a way that is generally expected of them in their context
What term is often used instead of psychological abnormalities
psychopathology (study of those with psychological abnormaities)
wakefield concluded that harmful dysfunction is the key notion. What is dysfunction referring to
- ‘failure of internal mechanisms to perform naturally selected functions
according to wakefield what two criteria does one need to fit in order to conclude that a behaviour is disordered
- scientific judgement that there is a failure of designed function
- value judgement that said failure harms the individual
t or f: wakefield argues that even if an individual may or may not be able to perform natural functions, their behaviour can still be called abnormal
false, unless the individual is unable to perform a natural function, it doesnt make sense to call a behaviour abnormal
how can abnormal and evolutionary psychology be linked?
- evolutionary: what doesnt help organisms reproduce can be considered dysfunctional
What relationship did Thomas Szaz believe mirrors that of psychiatrist/patient
church/witch
What are the four general attempts at recognizing behaviour as abnormal
- Diagnosis by professional
- Personal distress
- Statistical concept
- Violation of norms
In 1928, what act was passed deeming that those who were ‘mentally ill’ were to be sterilized to prevent deterioration of the general public’s intellect.
sexual sterilization act
What is the procedure called in old times when people would drill holes in the skull while people were alive and what are the explanations
- trephination
- hole to let out evil spirits
- remove bone splinters or blood clots from warfare
hippocrates
- father of modern medicine
- denied belief that psychological problems were caused by
intervention of gods/demons - ‘wandering uterus’>hysteria
disturbances in body fluid, or ________, were thought to have been the cause of mental illness
humours
Where were asylums established?
Arab cities
According to luther, what are the two different types of possession and what differentiates them
Corporally (bodily): one becomes mad
Spiritually: one is a witch
Paracelsus
- rejected the four humours theory and instead claimed mental illness resulted from disturbances of the spiritus vitae (breath of life)
- treated people with early version of hynosis
St Vitus’ dance
- aka tarantella
- people leaping/dancing/jumping around uncontrollably, sometimes convulsing
Johannes Wayner
- rejected exorcism
- advocated for natural/physical treatments
Where was the first mental institution in north america
- mexico, built by spaniards
where does the term lunatic stem from
- latin for moon, luna
- Paracelsus thought the moon to play a role in emotional and mental processing
bedlam
- rowdy, chaotic behaviour
- local corruption of Bethlehem
- come from disruption from residents of mental institutions being distracted by tourists
Pinel
- emphasized role of social and psychological factors that contribute to development of mental illness
- saw asylums as therapeutic
- treatment of pateints should be respectful
mental hygiene movement
- desire to protect people and provide humane treatment for those with mental illness
moral therapy
- a therapeutic approach that emphasized character and spiritual development, and called for kindness on the part of all who came in contact with the patient
biological approaches to causes of mental illness
- hereditary
- infections
- disordered brain chemistry
