Chapter 1 Flashcards
(36 cards)
For nearly 50 years, scientists have been documenting that people are much better at recognizing faces of their own race than faces of other races. This finding is dubbed the____
Other -Race Effect
Which is best described as a horseshoe shaped structure in the medial temporal lobe of the brain ?
The hippocampus
Which is a trench like structure in the temporal lobe that is vital to social competence, helping us to read the many different expressions that can emerge on someone’s face and signaling us to approach, smile, share, flee, or quickly arm ourselves?
Superior temporal sulcus
What is buried deep near the base of the brain and helps us distinguish the familiar from unfamiliar, friend from foe and is widely thought to be primitive and fundamental to our survivor as species ?
The Fusiform Face Area
____ is a basic human need, and without it, we are left alone, vulnerable, and exposed ?
Affiliation
What has research and real -life experience shown us?
The chance of false alarms or identifying someone as the culprit, who is not, goes way up when the suspect is of a different race from the victim
______ is known as grouping things like things together and is a universal function of the brain that allows us to organize and manage the overload of stimuli that constantly bombard us?
Categorization
At its core, what does Newman’s story show us?
How categorization can be precursor to bias
We label the beliefs about social groups_____ and the attitudes we have about them as _____
Stereotypes/ prejudice
Walter Lippmann was considered one of the most Influential journalists of the 20th Century. What did he call the “pictures in our heads” as the impressions that reflect subjective perceptions but stand in for objective reality ?
Stereotype
____ is known as people tending to seek out and attend to the information that already confirms their beliefs which is a mechanism that allows inaccurate benefits to spread and persist?
Confirmation Bias
What is designed to measure associations that we don’t even know we have where children sit in front of a computer screen shown pictures of people and the child reacts with words to describe them?
Implicit association test
What is a standard technique used in psychology to measure the extend to which people are influenced by words or images that are beneath their conscious awareness ?
Subliminal Priming Task
______ comes from the old type setting process, in which a mold of message is cast on a metal plate and replicated in the printing provides again and again, mimicking the unchecked spread of ideas that we presume to be true?
Stereotype
Which of the following, generated from the “crime prime” is reminiscent of the phenomenon of “high visibility” which is a theme in Ralph Ellison’ 1950’s American classic, Invisible Man?
Increased Visual attention to black faces
During a study regarding the “stop and frisk” movement of the New York City police department, what was found to the be most common reason police gave for stopping potential criminals on the street ?
Furtive movements
What was the outcome of “shot, don’t shoot” study ?
Training. The more interactive use of force training officers have, the better able they are to discern when a gun is present and when is not, and the less likely they are to racial bias in whom they decide to shoot.
Sometimes a way to curb bias is _____
Training them to do their jobs better and develop skills through goal driven repetitive practice
What is necessary in order to understand police-community relations?
Basic facts about how our minds are design to work
Our history
Our culture
The Oakland police department had been plagued with scandals for decades. Which was the most notorious?
“the Riders” vigilante cops who planted drugs and physically assaulted citizens from the 1990s to 2000
The primary way in which one is that elevates the aspect of the self above all others is ?
Master status
What is the goal of procedural Justice ?
Improve the quality of each Interaction once a stop has occurred.
Both research and real-life experiences have shown that if officers act in accordance with four tenets, residents will be more inclined to think of police as legitimate authorities and therefore be more likely to comply with the law. What are those four tenets ?
Voice, fairness, respect and trustworthiness
What is the purpose of procedural Justice training?
Remind officers just how important everyday interactions are.
