Chapter 1

Question 1

For nearly 50 years, scientists have been documenting that people are much better at recognizing faces of their own race than faces of other races. This finding is dubbed the____

Answer 1

Other -Race Effect

Question 2

Which is best described as a horseshoe shaped structure in the medial temporal lobe of the brain ?

Answer 2

The hippocampus

Question 3

Which is a trench like structure in the temporal lobe that is vital to social competence, helping us to read the many different expressions that can emerge on someone’s face and signaling us to approach, smile, share, flee, or quickly arm ourselves?

Answer 3

Superior temporal sulcus

Question 4

What is buried deep near the base of the brain and helps us distinguish the familiar from unfamiliar, friend from foe and is widely thought to be primitive and fundamental to our survivor as species ?

Answer 4

The Fusiform Face Area

Question 5

____ is a basic human need, and without it, we are left alone, vulnerable, and exposed ?

Answer 5

Affiliation

Question 6

What has research and real -life experience shown us?

Answer 6

The chance of false alarms or identifying someone as the culprit, who is not, goes way up when the suspect is of a different race from the victim

Question 7

______ is known as grouping things like things together and is a universal function of the brain that allows us to organize and manage the overload of stimuli that constantly bombard us?

Answer 7

Categorization

Question 8

At its core, what does Newman’s story show us?

Answer 8

How categorization can be precursor to bias

Question 9

We label the beliefs about social groups_____ and the attitudes we have about them as _____

Answer 9

Stereotypes/ prejudice

Question 10

Walter Lippmann was considered one of the most Influential journalists of the 20th Century. What did he call the “pictures in our heads” as the impressions that reflect subjective perceptions but stand in for objective reality ?

Answer 10

Stereotype

Question 11

____ is known as people tending to seek out and attend to the information that already confirms their beliefs which is a mechanism that allows inaccurate benefits to spread and persist?

Answer 11

Confirmation Bias

Question 12

What is designed to measure associations that we don’t even know we have where children sit in front of a computer screen shown pictures of people and the child reacts with words to describe them?

Answer 12

Implicit association test

Question 13

What is a standard technique used in psychology to measure the extend to which people are influenced by words or images that are beneath their conscious awareness ?

Answer 13

Subliminal Priming Task

Question 14

______ comes from the old type setting process, in which a mold of message is cast on a metal plate and replicated in the printing provides again and again, mimicking the unchecked spread of ideas that we presume to be true?

Answer 14

Stereotype

Question 15

Which of the following, generated from the “crime prime” is reminiscent of the phenomenon of “high visibility” which is a theme in Ralph Ellison’ 1950’s American classic, Invisible Man?

Answer 15

Increased Visual attention to black faces

Question 16

During a study regarding the “stop and frisk” movement of the New York City police department, what was found to the be most common reason police gave for stopping potential criminals on the street ?

Answer 16

Furtive movements

Question 17

What was the outcome of “shot, don’t shoot” study ?

Answer 17

Training. The more interactive use of force training officers have, the better able they are to discern when a gun is present and when is not, and the less likely they are to racial bias in whom they decide to shoot.

Question 18

Sometimes a way to curb bias is _____

Answer 18

Training them to do their jobs better and develop skills through goal driven repetitive practice

Question 19

What is necessary in order to understand police-community relations?

Answer 19

Basic facts about how our minds are design to work

Our history

Our culture

Question 20

The Oakland police department had been plagued with scandals for decades. Which was the most notorious?

Answer 20

“the Riders” vigilante cops who planted drugs and physically assaulted citizens from the 1990s to 2000

Question 21

The primary way in which one is that elevates the aspect of the self above all others is ?

Answer 21

Master status

Question 22

What is the goal of procedural Justice ?

Answer 22

Improve the quality of each Interaction once a stop has occurred.

Question 23

Both research and real-life experiences have shown that if officers act in accordance with four tenets, residents will be more inclined to think of police as legitimate authorities and therefore be more likely to comply with the law. What are those four tenets ?

Answer 23

Voice, fairness, respect and trustworthiness

Question 24

What is the purpose of procedural Justice training?

Answer 24

Remind officers just how important everyday interactions are.

Question 25

Which is one of the primary barriers of good policing ?

Answer 25

Cynicism that officers develop while working the Streets

Question 26

Officers get jaded as they bear witness to horrific acts of violence. They get worn down by living in constant state of _____ not knowing when the next threat will emerge.

Answer 26

Hyper vigilance

Question 27

Which study reminds us of how selective our social perception may be?

Answer 27

The invisible gorilla

Question 28

Black drivers are more than twice as likely than white drivers to have been stopped for a high discretion violation.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

______ are most common form of police contact with the public.

Answer 29

Traffic stops

Question 30

The pre trail detention rate for blacks is four times greater than that whites charged with similar offenses

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Which is the most successful prison education program in the country ?

Answer 31

The Prison University project

Question 32

The United States is one of the four industrialized nations in the world that still executes criminals. What are the other three nations ?

Answer 32

Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan

Question 33

Which of the following is MOST Accurate regarding lynching ?

Answer 33

They are un prosecuted murders by mobs of unidentified people occurring all across the United States but mainly concentrated in Georgia, Mississippi and Alabama.

Question 34

Segregation is nearing epidemic levels. What states according to a UCLA study are considered the worst for isolating black students in urban settings ?

Answer 34

New York, Illinois and California

Question 35

_____ is a place where young people discover and reinvent themselves, where the norms that guide our thinking and govern behavior are set and challenged

Answer 35

College

Question 36

Which of the following has helped departments move toward a more transparent form of precision policing ?

Answer 36

Technology and Data